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LING111 > Morphology > Flashcards

Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

definition of morpheme

A

the smallest unit in a language with meaning

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2
Q

what is glossing?

A

Analysis of morphemes

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3
Q

What is the hierarchical structure of a word?

A

WORD- morpheme-syllable-onset/rime-consonants/vowels

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4
Q

4 types of morpheme

A

Bound
Free
Lexical
Grammatical

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5
Q

Bound morpheme

A

must be attached to another morpheme forming a morphologically complex word

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6
Q

Free morpheme

A

Stands in isolation as a minimal free form

morphologically simple

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7
Q

Lexical morpheme

A

content words, convey the major meaning of an utterance
Can refer to real-world entities
open set- new members added

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8
Q

Grammatical morpheme

A

free morphemes
do not convey lexical content
depend on context for meaning
eg/ articles, connectors, pronouns

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9
Q

2 types of article with examples

A

Definite: refers to a specific item (the)
Indefinite: nonspecific (a)

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10
Q

Example of a bound lexical morpheme

A

Italian: amare (love)
am- is not a free morpheme
affixes added to a root to create word

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11
Q

what is a derivational affix?

A

a type of bound lexical morpheme
forms new words with new meanings
eg/ bake - baker

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12
Q

What is a inflectional affix?

A

Bound morpheme
does not form new words with new meanings
Often required by sentence structure
eg/ cat-s

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13
Q

What is a word?

A

the smallest phonologically free form

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14
Q

What is an affix?

A

attached to a word

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15
Q

what is a clitic?

A

attached to a phrase

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16
Q

What does inflection produce?

A

lexemes

- different forms of the same word

17
Q

What is a paradigm made of?

A

complete set of related word forms associated with a lexeme.

18
Q

What is a lexeme?

A

unit of lexical meaning that underlies a set of words that are related through inflection.

19
Q

What is a root?

What is a stem?

A

A root is the part of the word that carries the core meaning, can be free or bound.
A stem is the base to which inflection is added.
It may consist only of a root, or it may be morphologically complex.

20
Q

State the positions of bound morphemes (affixes and clitics)

A

Before root: Prefix and Proclitic
Inside root: infix
After root: Suffix and Enclitic
NB. a suffix followed by another suffix is not an infix

21
Q

Morphological types (3)

A

Isolating
Agglutinating
Fusional (aka synthetic)

22
Q

Isolating pattern in languages

A

1.1 ratio of morphemes to words
no (or very few) bound morphemes
Characteristic of South East Asian languages

23
Q

Agglutinating language pattern

A

Allows morphologically complex words
bound morphemes are easily identifiable
Characteristic of Turkish, Quechua, and Japanese

24
Q

Fusional language pattern

A

Morphologically complex words
Encode multiple pieces of information
Characteristic of European and Semitic languages

25
Q

Which is predictable- Derivation or Inflection?

A

Inflection

26
Q

What are the subcategories of phonemes, lexemes, and morphemes?

A

Phonemes - allophones
Lexemes - paradigm
Morphemes - allomorphs (not always phonologically conditioned)

27
Q

What is suppletion?

A

Some roots have completely different stems in different morphological conditions
eg. tall, taller, tallest

28
Q

What is the lexicon?

A

List of morphemes that any speaker of a language has memorised

29
Q

What are word classes known as?

A

syntactic categories

30
Q

What is a formal criteria?

A

a rule that can be followed syntactically

31
Q

Where do new words come from? (5)

A 
Borrowing
Coinage
Clipping/Acronyming
Blends
Derivation
32
Q

What is the definition of syntactic productivity

A

Infinite use of finite means

33
Q

Hierarchical design of sentences

A

Sentence-Clause-Phrase-Words

34
Q

Types of constituency testing (3)

A

Distribution
Substitution
Mobility

LING111 (9 decks)

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