Morphological structures and categories of word-classes

Question 1

Jaké kategorie určujeme v češtině u podstatných jmen?

Answer 1

Pád, číslo, rod, vzor

Pád: 7 cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, locative, instrumental

číslo: singular/plural, uncountables, pluralia tantum, generic reference

Rod: masculine animate/inamite, Feminine, Neuter

Vzor:

Question 2

Jaké kategorie určujeme v českém jazyce u sloves?

Answer 2

Osoba, rod, číslo, čas, způsob, rod, vid

5 verb classes : nese, tiskne, kupuje, prosí, dělá

způsob (modality) - voluntative, deontic, epistemic, attitudinal)

voice: active/passive

aspect: perfective/imperfective

Question 3

Can you list the functions of nouns in English (semantic, morphological, syntax perspective -> phrasal)

Question 4

predeterminers, central determiners, post determiners?

Answer 4

Predeterminers:
mutually exclusive
all of/both of/half of
multipliers - double, four times
fractions: one thirds, two fifths
intensifiers: such, what + indefinite article or alone

Central:
articles

Postdeterminers:
cardinal and ordinal numerals, general ordinals (next, last)
quantifiers: many, a few, several, much,…
partitives: a piece of, a bit of, a slice of,….

Question 5

Adjectives?

Answer 5

Descriptive, evaluative, modifiers of nouns

synthethic gradation: -er, the longest
analytic: more, the most

distinguishing them from adverbs (they are morphologically close): a heavy sleeper X sleep heavily - semantically, syntactic role

form: affixes, compound affixes - usually with hyphens

OSASCOMP - PREMODIFICATION

Question 6

What are the types of pronouns?

Answer 6

Personal - subjective, objective, possessive
Possessive
relative
reflexive
reciprocal
demonstrative
interrogative (wh-)

Question 7

What are the syntactic functions of adverbs? What are the subgroups of adverbs?

Answer 7

Subjuncts, adjuncts, conjuncts, disjuncts

Viewpoint adjuncts/subjuncts (feeling, the subject’s intention/volition, courtesy)

Focusing adjuncts/subjuncts (restrictive, additive)

intensifiers: emphasizers, amplifiers, downtoners

Question 8

What can you tell about the prepositions?

Question 9

What types of conjunctions do we have?

Answer 9

Coordinating (and, but, or)
Subordinating (because, until, even though,…)