Morphological characteristics of the fungi; Fungal cytology

Question 1

Unicellular fungi
* Exists in the form of _______ single cells propagate by budding out similar cells from their surface

Answer 1

Independent

Question 2

The bud may become detached from the parent cell or it may remain attached and itself produce another bud, leading to the production of a chain of cells or described as loosely arrangement of budding cells — yeasts

Answer 2

loosely arrangement of budding cells — yeasts

Question 3

Under certain conditions, continued elongation of the parent cell before it buds out results in a chain of elongated cells, termed

Answer 3

Pseudohypha

Question 4

the connection between adjacent pseudohyphal cells shows a marked constriction

Answer 4

True Hypha

Question 5

Medically important fungi that change their growth form as a part of the process of tissue invasion

Answer 5

Dimorphic fungi

Question 6

Dimorphic pathogens change from a multicellular mold form (25-30oC) in the natural environment to a budding, single-celled yeasts form (35-37oC) in tissue under the influence

Answer 6

of temperature— thermal dimorphism

Question 7

Rigid, mostly composed of 90% polysaccharides eg., chitin, glucan, chitosan, galactosan, and mannan; 10% proteins and glycoproteins in various combinations

Answer 7

Cell wall

Question 8

the major carbohydrate consist of repeating monomers of

Answer 8

N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG)

Question 9

N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) function

Answer 9

provides shape and protection from osmotic lysis (unaffected by some antibiotics)

Question 10

Cell wall function

Answer 10

1. Barrier between fungal cell and its external environment.
2. Binding site for some enzymes
3. Possesses antigenic properties which allow interaction with other organisms

Question 11

Composed of structurally arranged phospholipids in two-layered configuration, scattered randomly

Answer 11

Cell membrane

Question 12

major component that regulates solute intake and secretion (transport system) through selective permeability and serves as the target of antifungal drugs like Nystatin

Answer 12

Ergosterol

Question 13

T or F: Cell membrane facilitates biosynthesis of cell wall and capsular material and protects the cytoplasm

Answer 13

True

Question 14

External coating located outside or covering the cell wall and found only in certain fungi

Answer 14

Capsule

Question 15

Capsule is composed of

Answer 15

amorphous polysaccharide

Question 16

May influence growth of fungus by preventing dissociation of

Answer 16

buds and dispersion of yeast

Question 17

Virulence factor

Answer 17

Capsule

Question 18

Cytoplasm organelles (6)

Answer 18

1. Nucleus
2. Chromosomes
3. Ribosomes
4. Mitochondrion
5. Endoplasmic reticulum
6. Vacuoles

Question 19

C. Organelles: Described as linear

Answer 19

Chromosomes

Question 20

C. Organelles: generation of energy

Answer 20

Mitochondrion

Question 21

C. Organelles:bounded by a nuclear membrane, may vary in size, shape, and number. Usually contains one nucleolus of mostly RNA

Answer 21

Nucleus

Question 22

C. Organelles: present at all times for protein synthesis

Answer 22

Ribosomes