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morph Flashcards

1
Q

pink (amorphous) hyaline thickening with assoc bv luminal narrowing; plasma proteins leak actoss endo mem

A

Hyaline arteriolosclerosis

-can be caused by diab mictoangiography

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2
Q

Vessels show concentric laminated layers (onion skin) thickening and narrow lumen

A

hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis

-onion skin = sm cells w thickened reduplicated BMs

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3
Q

necrotizing arteriolitis and fibrinoid deposits in vessel wall

A

hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis if have malig HTN

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4
Q

fatty streak composed of foam cells

A

ath

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5
Q

Aths with destruction and thinning of the aortic media w bland, laminated, poorly organized mural thrombus

A

AAA

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6
Q

periarotic fibrosis and exuberant transmural lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate

A

inflamm AAA

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7
Q

tissue fibrosis affecting many tissues; aortitis and periaortitis

A

IgG4 AAA

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8
Q

Cystic medial degeneration w/o inflammation

A

aortic dissection

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9
Q

granulomatous inflamm w elastic lamina fragmentation

A

giant cell (temporal) arteritis

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10
Q

patchy and focal involveet: biopsy may be -

A

giant cell (temporal) arteritis

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11
Q

multinucleated giant cells

A

giant cell (temporal) arteritis

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12
Q

Healed areas: Intimal fibrosis (thickening) with medial scarring and luminal narrowing

A

giant cell (temporal) arteritis

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13
Q

Eventually: collagenous scarring with admixed chronic inflammatory cells in all 3 layers of the vessel wall

A

Takayasu Arteritis (pulseless disease)

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14
Q

non-grnaulomatous Segmental transmural fibrinoid necrotizing inflammation of renal and visceral aas (NOT pulmonary)

A 
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)
-inflamm can weaken wall --> aneurysm/rupture/thrombosis
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15
Q

fibrinoid necrosis w neutrophilic/eosinophilic/monophilic infiltrates

A

Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)

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16
Q

Lesions usu only affect part of the vessel circumference with a predilection for branch points.

A

Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)

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17
Q

all lesions at same stage

A

Microscopic Polyangiitis (leukocytoclastic vasculitis/ hypersensitivity vasculitis)

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18
Q

non-grnaulomatous Segmental transmural fibrinoid necrotizing inflammation of renal and visceral aas

A

Microscopic Polyangiitis (leukocytoclastic vasculitis/ hypersensitivity vasculitis)

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19
Q

Fragmented (apoptotic) neutrophilic nuclei within and around vessel walls

A 
Microscopic Polyangiitis (leukocytoclastic vasculitis/ hypersensitivity vasculitis)\
= (leukocytoclastic vasculitis).
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20
Q

granulomas and eos

A

Churg-strauss Syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angiitis)

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21
Q

Non-specific TH17 cell involvement leads to recruitment of neutrophils.

A

Behcet Disease

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22
Q

giant cells w WBC infiltrate

A

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener Granulomatosis)

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23
Q

Granulomas may coalesce to form nodules that cavitate

A

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener Granulomatosis)

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24
Q

Upper resp tract: sinonasal and pharyngeal inflamm w granulomas and vasculitis

A

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener Granulomatosis)

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25
Q

Lower resp tract: multiple necrotizing granulomas, which may coalesce and cavitate

A

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener Granulomatosis)

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26
Q

Segmental, thrombosing, acute (neutrophils) and chronic inflammation (org and recanilization) Tibial and radial aa.’s

A

Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease)

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27
Q

Giant cell formation and secondary involvement of adjacent nerve and vein and they may all eventually have a common fibrous sheathe.

A

Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease)

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28
Q

contraction band necrosis or microscopic foci of granulation tissue and/or scar

A

Myocardial Vessel Vasospasm

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29
Q

neutrophils and monocytes in dilated lymphatics

A

lymphangitis

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30
Q

discrete red lesion in the skin or mucous membrane

A

Telangiectasia

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31
Q

Light pink-deep purple flat lesion on head or neck composed of dilated bvs

A

Nevus Flammeus

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32
Q

thin walled caps w scant stroma in the skin, SQ tissue, mucus mems (oral cavity and lips)

A

capillary hemangioma or pyogenic granuloma after trauma

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33
Q

cavernous blood-filled vascular space separated by CT stroma with indistinct/infiltrative borders

A

Cavernous Hemangioma

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34
Q

exudate (not RBC)filled, slightly elevated, blebs of small lymphatic channels lined with EC in head, neck, axillary SQ tissues

A

Simple (capillary) Lymphangioma

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35
Q

really lg unencapsulatd tumors in neck or axilla of children

A

Cavernous Lymphangioma (cystic hygromas

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36
Q

tumors from modified SMCs w big round nuclei

A

Glomus Tumor (glomangioma)

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37
Q

Skin lesion with localized red papules and nodules or round, subq mass

A

Bacillary Angiomatosis

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38
Q

Capillary proliferation with epithelioid ECs

A

Bacillary Angiomatosis

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39
Q

Lesions contain stromal neutrophils, nuclear dust and causal bacteria

A

Bacillary Angiomatosis

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40
Q

Pinkpurple patches of the LE with dilated, irregular EC lined spaces + lymphocytes, plasma cells & MΦ

A

classic KS

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41
Q

o Dermal accuulations of Dilated, jagged vasc channels lined w spindle cells and perivascular aggregates

A

classic KS

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42
Q

Difficult to recognize veins + plump, cuboidal neoplastic cells (~ epithelium

A

Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma

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43
Q

Small, well-demarcated red nodules –> large, fleshy, grey-white soft tissue masses (mostly in skin, st, breast, liver); central area of necrosis and hem

A

angiosarcoma

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44
Q

epicardial fat

A

aging <3

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45
Q

basophilic degen

A

aging <3

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46
Q

lipofuscioum increase

A

aging <3

47
Q

sigmoid septum

A

aging <3

=LV cavity reduced –> bulging of vent septum into LV outflow tract

48
Q

lambl escrescences

A

aging <3

= buckling of mitral leaflets into LA during systole => atrial dilation

49
Q

stiff aorta –> spikes in p transmitted to organs = HTN damage

A

aging <3

50
Q

hemosiderin

A

L sided HF “<3 failure cells” indicative of pulm edema

51
Q

nutmeg liver

A

R sided HF

52
Q

increased fibrous tissue in liver

A

R sided HF

=cardiac sclerosis/cirrhosis

53
Q

boot shaped heart

A

tetraolgy of fallot

-from RVH

54
Q

lg aorta, small pulmonary a

A

tetraolgy of fallot

55
Q

RVH with LV atrophy

A

transposition of great a’s

56
Q

<3: dark mottling

A

4-24 hr after MI

57
Q

<3: PMNs

A

12h-3d after MI

58
Q

<3: yellow-tan1-

A

1-10d after MI

59
Q

<3: necrosis

A

4h-3d after MI

60
Q

<3: red-gray

A

10-14d after MI

61
Q

<3: phagocytosis and granulation tissue

A

7-10d after MI

62
Q

<3: grey-white scar

A

2-8 wk after MI

63
Q

<3: incraesed collagen

A

2-8 wk after MI

64
Q

<3: colagenous scarring complete

A

+ 2mos after MI

65
Q

contration bands

A

reprofused <3 tissue
–Due to the huge amount of Ca that is brought by the plasma with the cell having no way to keep it out that leads to severe contraction.

66
Q

irregular, stony hard nodules in the fibrous annulus

A

mitral annular calcification

67
Q

affected leaflets are enlarged, redundant, thick, rubbery

A

mitral valve prolapse

68
Q

Tendinous Cords are long, thin, stretched, or even snapped off.

A

mitral valve prolapse

69
Q

Focally marked thickening of the spongiosa layer with myxomatous changes

A

mitral valve prolapse

(increased proteoglycan deposition).

70
Q

aschoff bodies

A

inflamm lesions of rheumatic fever

  • not granulomas
  • Swollen eos collagen + T cells + Plump Mfs
  • called Antishkow Cells
71
Q

Mfs have lots of cytoplasm that are sometimes binucleate

A

inflamm lesions of rheumatic fever

72
Q

caterpillar cells

A

inflamm lesions of rheumatic fever

-chromatin condense to central slender wavy ribbon like structures

73
Q

Infalmm and fibrinoud nectosis of endocardium and L-sided valves, w verrucae

A

rheumatic fever or RHD

74
Q

Mitral Leaflet Thickening

A

RHD

75
Q

mitral Commissural Fusion and Shortening

A

RHD

76
Q

Thickening and Fusion of Chordae Tendinae of mitral valve

A

RHD

77
Q

“fish-mouth” or “button-hole stenosis

A

RHD

fibrous bridging across the valvular commissures

78
Q

migratory arthritis

A

rheumatic fever

- one lg joint becomes painful and swollen for days then subsides spont, w no residual disability

79
Q

erythema marginatum

A

rheumatic fever

80
Q

subQ nodules

A

rheumatic fever

81
Q

Spastic Movements

A

rheumatic fever

=Sydenham chorea

82
Q

rapidly progressing necrotizing and destructive lesions on <3 valves or mural endocardium

A

acute infective endocarditis

83
Q

Vegetations are friable (they break = emboli), bulky, potentially destructive containing fibrin, inflammatory cells, and the bacteria.

A

infective endocarditis

84
Q

small deposits of fibrin, platelets and blood components on the leaflets of the valves which are sterile and contain no organisms

A

Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis (NBTE)

85
Q

Single or multiple granular, pink, small lesions on either or both side of the valve, the endocardium, or chords assoc w fibrinoid necrosis

A

Libman Sacks Endocarditis (LSE) (Endocarditis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

86
Q

Glistening white intimal plaque-like thickenings of the endocardial surfaces of the cardiac chambers and valve leaflets.
-Lesions are composed of SMC and collagen fibers in an MPS matrix

A

carcinoid heart dis

87
Q

spical ballooning of LV w abn wall motion and contractile dysf

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

88
Q

stunned myocardium - show multifocal contraction band necrosis

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

89
Q

globular <3

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

-dilation all 4 chambers

90
Q

functional regurg

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

-valves not affected by dilation affects them

91
Q

nml size ventricles, enlarged atria w patchy diffuse interstitial fibrosis

A

restrictive cardiomyopathy

92
Q

eos in heart and multiple organs

A

loeffler endomyocarditis

93
Q

fibrosis of LV myocardium w aortic valve obs and other <3 anomalies

A

endocardial fibroelastosis

94
Q

serious endocardial thickening and huge hypertrophy

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

95
Q

Disproportionate septal and wall thickening

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

- (most prominent in subaortic region) (bulging into lumen) w/o vent dilation= “Banana Lumen”

96
Q

myofiber disarray

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

97
Q

RV wall is very thin from loss of myocytes with fatty infiltrates and fibrosis.

A

Arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy (ARVC)

98
Q

patchy and diffuse areas of necrosis next to lymphpocytes

A

myocarditis

99
Q

heart may be flabby and mottled by either pale foci or minute hem lesions.

A

myocarditis

100
Q

multinucleated giant cells mixed with other WBCs, and extensive necrosis

A

giant cell myocarditis

101
Q

Interstitial perivascular infiltrates composed of lymphocytes, Mfs and eosinophils

A

hypersensativity myocarditis

102
Q

epicardium: has lymphocytes in epipericardial fat

A

Serous pericarditis

103
Q

have neoplastic cells

A

Serous pericarditis from tumors

104
Q

The surface is dry with fine granular roughening

A

Fibrinous pericarditis

105
Q

epicardium: thick yellow fluid d/t erythrocytes, inflamm cells, and fibrin

A

Serofibrious pericarditis

106
Q

Serosal surfaces are reddened, granular, and coated with exudate.

A

purulent/supparative pericarditis

107
Q

fibrin + blood in pericardium

A

hemorrhagic pericarditis

108
Q

pericardial sac is obliterated, replaced with a fibrous shell which can be calcified or not

A

constrictive pericarditis

109
Q

singular lesion on fossa ovalis

A

myxoma

110
Q

much MPS ground substance

A

myxoma

111
Q

Sea-anemone like lesions

A

papillary fibroelastoma

112
Q

hair-like projections that are covered in endothelium with a core of myxoid CT w lots of MPS and elastic fibers

A

papillary fibroelastoma

113
Q

grey-white myocardial masses found in multiples on ventricles: can look like spider cells

A

rhabdomyoma

cv (12 decks)

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