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Forensics > More Trace Evidence > Flashcards

More Trace Evidence Flashcards

1
Q

What mark and impressions can be left at a crime scene?

A 
Fingerprints
Footprints
Bite marks
Tool marks
Tyre marks
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2
Q

What is dactyloscopy

A

The study of fingerprint identification

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3
Q

How are finger prints formed?

A

They are formed in foetal life, influenced on how baby moves in womb and the speed of growth
They are formed on finger pads

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4
Q

What is special about fingerprints?

A

Unique
Even identical twins differ

Persistence- even if you have superficial damage, your fingerprints stay the same throughout your life (unless deep tissue damage or scarring)

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5
Q

Why do we have fingerprints?

A

Ridges- for grip

Lots of nerve endings in fingertips to help keep you cool

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6
Q

What are the classifications of fingerprints?

A

Loops
Arches
Whorls

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7
Q

How many people approximately have loops?

A

60%

Most common

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8
Q

How can you divide ‘loop’ fingerprints?

A

Radial loops

Ulnar loops

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9
Q

What are radial loops?

A

The loops slant towards the radius bone (thumb side)

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10
Q

What is an ulnar loop?

A

The most common

They slant the other way? Away from radius?

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11
Q

What is important to remember about direction of loops?

A

They go in opposite directions depending on which hand

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12
Q

What percentage of the population have arches?

A

5%

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13
Q

What groups can arches be divided into?

A

Plain arch

Tented arch

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14
Q

What is a plain arch?

A

A mound LIKE pattern

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15
Q

What is a tented arch?

A

Looks like a church steeple

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16
Q

How many groups can whorls be divided into?

A

4

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17
Q

What whorl groups are there?

A

Plain
Central pocket
Double loop
Accidental

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18
Q

What is a plain whorl?

A

A circular spiral pattern

19
Q

What is a central pocket whorl?

A

A tight circular pattern in the centre of a fingerprint

20
Q

What is a double loop whorl?

A

Where there are two looped patterns

21
Q

What is an accidental whorl?

A

An irregular circular pattern

22
Q

How can you identify a print?

A

At crime scenes

Sweat on fingers or blood can leave impressions on substrate

23
Q

What is a substrate

A

The surface you leave a print on

24
Q

What is a matrix?

A

The thing leaving a print on a substrate

25
Q

What are the types of fingerprint impressions?

A

Latent
Visible
Plastic

26
Q

What is a latent fingerprint

A

It is invisible to the naked eye, techniques needed to identify it

27
Q

What is a visible fingerprint?

A

Clearly seen
Can be positive- leaving a mark on a surface e.g. sweat?
Or negative- an impression on a surface, like snow?

28
Q

What is a plastic fingerprint?

A

3D prints on soft surfaces such as clay, soap bar

29
Q

What is ACE-V?

A

Analysis
Compare finger prints
Evaluate (weigh up evidence)
Verification (independent analysis by 2 fingerprint experts)

30
Q

Footwear

A

.

31
Q

Bite marks

A

.

32
Q

What types of footprints can you get?

A

2d- blood
3D- on mud, soft substrate
Negative- take surface cover off something

33
Q

How can you recover footprints?

A

Photograph
Chemical
Powders to highlight print
Produce a cast if 3D print

34
Q

What can footprints tell us?

A

General size
How a person walks
Can compare to a suspect?

35
Q

What sources can you get bite marks from?

A

Food
Skin (subject/victim)
Objects

36
Q

What characteristics can you see from bite marks?

A

Gaps, ridges (top of teeth), position of teeth in mouth, patterns

37
Q

Who examines bite marks?

A

Forensic odontological

38
Q

How can you preserve bite marks?

A

Make a cast

Photographs

39
Q

Who was ted bundy?

A

Raped many women, bite marks convicted him as one of his victims had been bitten

40
Q

What sort of tool marks can be made?

A

Saw

Screwdriver

41
Q

How can tool marks be analysed?

A

Comparison of marks

Microscopy

42
Q

What are tyre marks?

A

Marks formed by tread on tyres

43
Q

What types of tyre marks can you get?

A

Latent- invisible to naked eye
Visible
Plastic- 3d

44
Q

What can tyre marks lead to?

A

Information about make and specification of tyre

Forensics (11 decks)

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