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Forensics > Alcohol > Flashcards

Alcohol Flashcards

1
Q

What does a pharmacologist do?

A

Looks at effects of drugs

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2
Q

What is alcohol?

A

Ethanol- CH3CH2OH
Colourless
Found in alcoholic drinks and other products (e.g. Mouthwash and perfume)

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3
Q

What is the English drink drive limit?

A

80mg/100ml blood

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4
Q

What does 20mg/100ml blood do?

A

Low level, one unit
Disinhibition
-depresses inhibition, euphoria, release of social and sexual inhibitions

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5
Q

What does 80mg/100ml of blood do?

A

Disinhibition of emotions and social and sexual inhibitions become more pronounced
Motor co-ordination becomes affected
Marked effect on judgement

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6
Q

What does 200mg/100ml of blood do?

A

10 units
Motor coordination is progressively worse
Speech becomes slurred

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7
Q

What does 300mg/100ml of blood do?

A

Unconscious

Must be careful of choking on vomit if lying on back- falling/sleeping

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8
Q

What happens with 400mg/100ml of blood?

A

Death from respiratory failure, alcohol has hit brain stem

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9
Q

What is the movement of drugs called?

A

Pharmacokinetics

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10
Q

What is the highest level of blood alcohol ever seen?

A

628mg/100ml of blood

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11
Q

Where is alcohol rapidly absorbed?

A

Mouth
Lungs
Stomach
Small intestine

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12
Q

How much alcohol is absorbed by the stomach?

A

20%

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13
Q

Where is alcohol cleared from?

A

Predominantly by metabolism in the liver

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14
Q

Why does fizzy/gas alcohol get you more drunk faster?

A

Alcohol is inhaled into the lungs

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15
Q

What does alcohol metabolise to?

A

CH3CHO + NADH

As NAD+ added

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16
Q

What is the rate of alcohol clearance?

A

Zero order- alcohol cleared at constant rate regardless of concentration

17
Q

How is alcohol detected in breath?

A

Intoximeter

18
Q

What does IR stand for?

A

Infared

19
Q

what does EC stand for?

A

Electron capture

20
Q

Why does the intoximeter have two methods (IR/EC)?

A

So that only alcohol is detected, not other substances

21
Q

How is alcohol in blood measured?

A

Usually gas chromatography of extracts blood sample with IR/EC detector

22
Q

What is the road traffic act 1988 section 4 (1)

A

Driving a motor vehicle whilst unfit through drink or drugs

23
Q

What is the road traffic act 1988 section 4 (2)?

A

Being in charge of a motor vehicle whilst unfit through drinks or drive

In charge- possession of keys, sleeping in car

24
Q

What is the field impermanent test?

A

Being able to touch your nose or walk in a straight line

25
Q

What is the road traffic act 1988 section 5 (1a)?

A

Driving a motor vehicle after consuming so much alcohol that the proportion in breath or blood was over-
22mg/100ml of breath
50mg/100ml of blood
69mg/100ml of urine

26
Q

What are the Scottish limits?

A

22mg/100ml of breath
50mg/100ml of blood
69mg/100ml of urine

27
Q

What is the road traffic act 1988 section 5 (1b)

A

Being in charge of a motor after consuming so much alcohol that the proportion in breath or blood was more than 35mg/100ml of breath, 80mg/100ml of blood, 107mg/100ml of alcohol in urine

28
Q

What is the procedure when police stop you for drink driving?

A

Police stop suspect (but needs to be a reason for it- other road traffic offence)
Detect alcohol (smell)
Roadside breath test (doesn’t count as evidence)
If positive, arrest and take to police station
Then intoximeter procedure (which can be used in court)

29
Q

When would you be charged for drink driving?

A

<40 release without charge
>50 charge
40-50 - take blood/urine samples

30
Q

What is statutory defence?

A

The person had no intent to act recklessly, or no intention to drive
Need to calculate when subject would have fallen below the statutory limit

31
Q

How can post-incidence drinking be a defence?

A

Drink after events have occurred, get pulled over then drink before police speak to you

32
Q

What about spiked drinks?

A

Not statutory defence
But can be used to reduce charges/time
Calculations required to verify evidence

33
Q

What do you need to calculate alcohol concentration (forward and backward)

A

Height and weight
Amount of alcohol consumed (type and volume)
The start time of drinking, when alcohol was consumed
Intoximeter and/or blood sample readings

34
Q

Is there a difference in gender between uptake and clearance of alcohol?

A

No

Forensics (11 decks)

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