Crime Scene (and Specialists Involved)

Question 1

Who is Hans Gross?

Answer 1

He developed ways to detect poison and photography development in 1869

Question 2

Who is first at the crime scene?

Answer 2

The first attending officer

Usually a junior level police officer

Question 3

What is the job of the first attending officer?

Answer 3

Assess, protect and communicate
Seal off area with tape
Take log of people entering/leaving
Call for senior assistance ASAP

Question 4

What is a SSO?

Answer 4

A scientific job officer

Question 5

What is the scientific support officers job?

Answer 5

Check cordons (inner and outer)
Assess personnel and equipment
Photography
Wear white clothes covering every part of body

Question 6

What are plastic stepping plates?

Answer 6

Stop people contaminating and standing on evidence

Like stepping stones

Question 7

What must officers record?

Answer 7

Weather, who is there, surroundings, number of wounds, position of body

Don’t move body

Question 8

Why is a tent put up?

Answer 8

To stop
Weather and bacterial contamination
And media

Question 9

If the incident is more extreme..who might get involved?

Answer 9

CMS (crime scene manager)
SIO (senior investigating officer)
Forensic pathologist

Question 10

What are the four post-mortem changes?

Answer 10

Temperature drops
Lividity
Rigor mortis
Decomposition

Question 11

What’s occurs do temperature of body after death?

Answer 11

It decreases to the surrounding temperature

Within 12-24 hours

Question 12

Why doesn’t temperature drop steadily?

Answer 12

Aerobic respiration may stop after death, but anaerobic continues until lack of resources

Question 13

What are the variables affecting temperature drop?

Answer 13

Clothing and covering
Surrounding temp
Body size
Body position (curled up- longer)
Initial temp of death (fever death, loss of blood)
Nature of death

Question 14

What occurs regarding lividity?

Answer 14

Blood drains to the lowest part of the body due to gravity

Pallor

Question 15

What enzymes stop blood clotting?

Answer 15

Fibrinolysins

Question 16

What do fibrolysins do regarding lividity?

Answer 16

Stop blood moving due to gravity for about 2 days

Question 17

What is pallor?

Answer 17

Paler skin at pressure points

If died on back, back would be white

Question 18

What variables affect lividity?

Answer 18

Haemorrhage

Chronic anaemia

Question 19

Why would blood be cherry pink?

Answer 19

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 20

What is rigor mortis?

Answer 20

Stiffening of the muscles

Question 21

Why does rigor mortis occur?

Answer 21

Due to the breakdown of ATP to ADP

Question 22

What is decomposition?

Answer 22

The gradual breakdown of tissues

Question 23

What are the 2 processes of decomposition?

Answer 23

Autolysis

Putrefaction

Question 24

What is autolysis

Answer 24

Digestive enzymes start eating body, auto digesting

Question 25

What is putrefaction?

Answer 25

The shift in aerobic to anaerobic respiration

Question 26

What does a forensic odontologist do?

Answer 26

Examine teeth and bite marks | Studies bones from head or neck

Question 27

What is the estimation error for teeth for foetus

Answer 27

+/- days

Question 28

What is the error of estimation for child's teeth

Answer 28

+/- 6 months

Question 29

What is the error of estimation for adult teeth age?

Answer 29

+/- 7 years

Question 30

What does the forensic anthropologist do?

Answer 30

Analyses bones

Question 31

What can a forensic anthropologist identify?

Answer 31

``` Human/animal How many bodies Age Sex Stature Identifying features ```

Question 32

When does the pelvis ossify?

Answer 32

30

Question 33

What is children age estimation based on?

Answer 33

Developmental stages

Question 34

What is adult bone age estimation represented by?

Answer 34

Degenerative changes

Question 35

What are identifying features for gender in bones?

Answer 35

``` Pelvis Cranium (males have point at BACK of head?) ```

Question 36

What are radioisotope dating options?

Answer 36

``` Carbon 14 (in bones when alive, decay can indicate age) Caesium 137 (can tell if pre or post nuclear testing) Polonium 210 (can tell if death in last 2/3 years) Lead 210 ```

Question 37

What age can you not distinguish sex from?

Answer 37

Prepubescent children

Question 38

What bones can determine height?

Answer 38

Long bones | Consult data book

Question 39

How is musculature assessed?

Answer 39

Muscle insertion site Bone robusticity Site of joint surfaces

Question 40

What does black bone mean?

Answer 40

Bone burned at cooler temperature?