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Forensics > Crime Scene (and Specialists Involved) > Flashcards

Crime Scene (and Specialists Involved) Flashcards

1
Q

Who is Hans Gross?

A

He developed ways to detect poison and photography development in 1869

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2
Q

Who is first at the crime scene?

A

The first attending officer

Usually a junior level police officer

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3
Q

What is the job of the first attending officer?

A

Assess, protect and communicate
Seal off area with tape
Take log of people entering/leaving
Call for senior assistance ASAP

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4
Q

What is a SSO?

A

A scientific job officer

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5
Q

What is the scientific support officers job?

A

Check cordons (inner and outer)
Assess personnel and equipment
Photography
Wear white clothes covering every part of body

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6
Q

What are plastic stepping plates?

A

Stop people contaminating and standing on evidence

Like stepping stones

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7
Q

What must officers record?

A

Weather, who is there, surroundings, number of wounds, position of body

Don’t move body

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8
Q

Why is a tent put up?

A

To stop
Weather and bacterial contamination
And media

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9
Q

If the incident is more extreme..who might get involved?

A

CMS (crime scene manager)
SIO (senior investigating officer)
Forensic pathologist

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10
Q

What are the four post-mortem changes?

A

Temperature drops
Lividity
Rigor mortis
Decomposition

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11
Q

What’s occurs do temperature of body after death?

A

It decreases to the surrounding temperature

Within 12-24 hours

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12
Q

Why doesn’t temperature drop steadily?

A

Aerobic respiration may stop after death, but anaerobic continues until lack of resources

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13
Q

What are the variables affecting temperature drop?

A 
Clothing and covering
Surrounding temp
Body size
Body position (curled up- longer)
Initial temp of death (fever death, loss of blood)
Nature of death
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14
Q

What occurs regarding lividity?

A

Blood drains to the lowest part of the body due to gravity

Pallor

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15
Q

What enzymes stop blood clotting?

A

Fibrinolysins

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16
Q

What do fibrolysins do regarding lividity?

A

Stop blood moving due to gravity for about 2 days

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17
Q

What is pallor?

A

Paler skin at pressure points

If died on back, back would be white

18
Q

What variables affect lividity?

A

Haemorrhage

Chronic anaemia

19
Q

Why would blood be cherry pink?

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning

20
Q

What is rigor mortis?

A

Stiffening of the muscles

21
Q

Why does rigor mortis occur?

A

Due to the breakdown of ATP to ADP

22
Q

What is decomposition?

A

The gradual breakdown of tissues

23
Q

What are the 2 processes of decomposition?

A

Autolysis

Putrefaction

24
Q

What is autolysis

A

Digestive enzymes start eating body, auto digesting

25
Q

What is putrefaction?

A

The shift in aerobic to anaerobic respiration

26
Q

What does a forensic odontologist do?

A

Examine teeth and bite marks

Studies bones from head or neck

27
Q

What is the estimation error for teeth for foetus

A

+/- days

28
Q

What is the error of estimation for child’s teeth

A

+/- 6 months

29
Q

What is the error of estimation for adult teeth age?

A

+/- 7 years

30
Q

What does the forensic anthropologist do?

A

Analyses bones

31
Q

What can a forensic anthropologist identify?

A 
Human/animal
How many bodies
Age
Sex
Stature
Identifying features
32
Q

When does the pelvis ossify?

A

30

33
Q

What is children age estimation based on?

A

Developmental stages

34
Q

What is adult bone age estimation represented by?

A

Degenerative changes

35
Q

What are identifying features for gender in bones?

A 
Pelvis
Cranium (males have point at BACK of head?)
36
Q

What are radioisotope dating options?

A 
Carbon 14 (in bones when alive, decay can indicate age)
Caesium 137 (can tell if pre or post nuclear testing)
Polonium 210 (can tell if death in last 2/3 years)
Lead 210
37
Q

What age can you not distinguish sex from?

A

Prepubescent children

38
Q

What bones can determine height?

A

Long bones

Consult data book

39
Q

How is musculature assessed?

A

Muscle insertion site
Bone robusticity
Site of joint surfaces

40
Q

What does black bone mean?

A

Bone burned at cooler temperature?

Forensics (11 decks)

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