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more resp Flashcards

1
Q

diagnosis of copd

Fev1

FEV1/FVC <

A

80% and 0.7

(FEV1 < 30% is in severe copd)

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2
Q

if pleural fluid to serum ratio is less than 0.5

A

transudate

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3
Q

most common cause transudative pleural effusion is

A

congestive heart failure

-CGH is most common cause of bilateral pleural effusion but can also cause uniltaeral plueral effusion

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4
Q

transudate causes

A

cirrhosis

nephrotic syndrome

heart failure

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5
Q

risk factors for bronchiecatsis

A

rheumatoid arthritis and immunosupressive therapy

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6
Q

coarse crackles is

fine crackles is

A

bronchiectasis

pulmonary fibrosis

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7
Q

—are causes of finger clubbing

A

chronic suppurative respiratory infections

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8
Q

– is a well recognised cause of finger clubbing

A

bronchogenic carcinoma

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9
Q

PULMONARY FIBROSIS 3C’S

A

CLUBBING

CYANOSIS

COUGH

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10
Q

on ct embolus appears

A

grey

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11
Q

Ct of aortic dissction

A

linear flap within the lume of aorta

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12
Q

CT of malignnancy

A

irregular mass and enlarged lymph nodes and localised spread

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13
Q

-nosebleeds, nagal congestion, joint pains, cxr-nodules, positive p-ANCA

A

granuolmatosis with polyangiitis

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14
Q

21y/o difficulty breathing and swallowing, drooling, fever not rccieve any immunisations as a kid

A

epiglottitis

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15
Q

12y/o sore throat, no cough general malaise, swollen neck lymph nodes

A

Pharyngitis so do throat swab

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16
Q

CF patient with acute chest pain, breathlessness and hypoxia

A

pneumothorax

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17
Q

Cf patient with hypoxia, tachcardia and chest pain, onset not so sudden and accompanied with increased sputum , fever

A

pulmonary exacerbation of CF

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18
Q

subclavian line insertion is highly associated with

A

iatrogenic pneumothorax

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19
Q

costochondritis

A

chest pain worse on inspiration, chest wall tenderness

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20
Q

where does needle aspirate go

chest drain go

A

2nd intercostal space mid clavicular line, side of decreased breath sounds

5th intercostal space mid axillary, side of decreased breath sounds

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21
Q

tension pneumothorax first treatment

A

needle aspirate -2nd intercostal

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22
Q

hypercalcaemia is associated with

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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23
Q

cancer in hilar mass common of

A

squamous ?not 100% sure

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24
Q

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

A

typically in male smokers aged 20-50

  • bilateral perihilar alveolar opacities similar to pulmonary oedema
  • needs repeated intevention therapies
  • end inspiratory crackles, cough , restrictive pattern,SOB

bopisy-granular eosinophillic material with PAS positive

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25
Q

alcoholic and lower zone consolidation

A

aspiration pneumonia

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26
Q

first line mamanegement of severe asthma attack

A

salbutamol by oxygen driven nebuliser

27
Q

The volume of air that can be forcibly be blown out after full inspiration

A

Forced Vital capacity

not vital capacity!

28
Q

measure of the carbon monoxide uptake by the lungs from a single inspiration over a set period of time

A

Diffusing capacity (DLCO)

29
Q

what is common post bone marrow transplant, with cough and wheeze on auscultation, obstructive on spirometry

A

bronchiolitis obliterans

30
Q

drug induced lung disorderss have – patterns

A

restrictive

31
Q

fine crackles in lung bases indicates

A

fluid in the lung and not in the pleural spaces

32
Q

pericardial effusion would cause

A

decrease cardiac output, distant heart sounds, hypotension and distended neck veins

33
Q

history of hyperlipidaemia and hypertension(risk factors)

new audible systolic murmur at apex(most likely mitral valve regurg)

fine crackles in bilateral lung bases

A

pulmonary oedema

34
Q

differentials for nocturnal cough

A

asthma, gord, sinusitia with post nasal drip and congestive heart failure

35
Q

gord is exacerbated by

A

stress and lying flat

36
Q

small numerous opacities in upper lung zones with hilar lymphadenopathy. hilar lymph nodes may show egg shell calcification

A

silicosis

37
Q

cxr of tension pneumothorax

A

tracheal deviation to the contralateral side and depression of the hemidiaphgram ipsilaterally

38
Q

FeNo> x is indicative of asthma

A

40ppb

39
Q

x% increase in fev1 post bronchodilator is indicative of asthma

A

12

40
Q

greater than - FEv1 follwing bronchodilator supports diagnosis of aasthma

greater than x% variability in PEFR suports diagnosis of asthma

A

200ml

20

41
Q

factory worker

A

asbestos

42
Q

most patient have what type of resp failure

A

type 1

43
Q

cause of low sodium in small cell lung cancer

A

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

44
Q

may cause increased air trapping and increased thoracic pressure or irritation of the bronchioles worsening symptoms but it can be used carefully in ICU but need to watch so not always best

A

CPAP

45
Q

clubbing, fine end inspiratory crackles, bibasal reticular nodular shadowing

A

idiopathic pulmonarry fibrosis

46
Q

type 2 resp failure

low 02 and high c02

A

COPD

47
Q

tesnion pneumothorax may present with

A

asymetrical chest moveemnt

hyper resonant hemithroax

absent breaths sounds

tracheal deviation

48
Q

transudate effusionn is caused by

A

increased capilllary hydrostatic pressure or decreased oncotic pressure

49
Q

exudate effusion caused by

A

increased capillary permeability

50
Q

renal failure causes what effusion

A

transudate

51
Q

surface landmark bewteen middle and lower right rib= oblique fissure

A

rib 6

52
Q

smoker, chronic dyspnea, shpyeard worker, copd treatment not working, cxr- fine reticular opacitieis in lower zones, ct- interstitial thickening and ground glass opacity in upper lungs

asbestosis, pneumoconisosis, respiratory bronchiolitis associated lung disease ?

A

RB-ILD

not asbestosis as absence of pleural plaques

pneumocconiosis occurs in coal miners and those exposed to coal dust

53
Q

exposed to pigeon droppings, pulmonary nodules and mediastinal lymph nodes

A

Histoplasmosis

54
Q

large pneumothorax sponatenous w no trauma

A

14F chest drain insertion over a seldinger wire

55
Q

what gives bilateral perihilar consolidations

A

pneumocytis jirovecii

56
Q

post chemo and low neuttrophils

A

neutropenic sepsis

57
Q

first line treatment for neutropenic sepsis

A

antibiotic eg tazocin ( pipperacilin and tazobactam)

58
Q
  • recurrent chest infection
  • crackles and wheeze in left upper zone of chest
  • CXR- mass w irregular border in left upper zone
A

adenocarcinoma

PERIPHERIES of. lung

squamous are more central and associated w smokers

59
Q

asbestosis dont particularly present with

A

chest pain

60
Q

thickening of pleura

A

mesothelioma

61
Q

white completely opacificed lung after chest drain from penumothorax

A

iatrogenic haemothorax as bleeding

62
Q
  • sudden SOB that come without warning
  • tightness in chest
  • resolves within a few mins
A

Panic attack

63
Q

holly leaves on CXR

A

calcified pleural plaques- not asbestosis- generally considered benign but are related to asbestos exposure

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