More Quiz Questions Flashcards
Parents are struggling with whether to obtain genetic testing for their infant as the father has the inherited condition of polycystic kidney disease. When making this decision, which factor is MOST important for the parents to consider?
a. parents’ emotional health and peace of mind
b. ensuring future reproductive choices are informed
c. child’s right to make future decisions about testing
d. ability to cure the disorder with early identification
c
Genetic testing in at-risk children is typically discouraged unless testing is indicated for the child’s health interests, such as in situations in which current treatment could pregent a future condition. Like many genetic disorders, polycystic kidney disease cannot be prevented or cured with early detection. Even though the parents may wish to know the child’s status, according to current medical ethics, it is best to wait until the child is developmentally, cognitively, and emotionally able to make an informed decision about testing.
Since decisions regarding reproductive choices are not needed at this time, this does not justify testing without the child’s consent. In the future, the child should be given enough information to make an informed decision regarding testing, including the ramifications of reproductive choices.
When coping with the care of a chronically ill child at home, normalization is recognized when the family
a. deals with illness in an intellectual manner looking for new research and cures.
b. demonstrates flexibility in adjusting treatment plans to consider family life.
c. seeks to maintain current lifestyle without burdening others.
d. focuses on the future rather than the present situation.
b
Following the diagnosis of a chronic illness, healthy coping involves the child and family making efforts towards normalization, which refers to incorporating the changes necessitated by the condition into the family’s day-to-day life, thereby creating a new normal. Pediatric clinicians can assist the family during this process by helping to identify potential obstacles and stressors, facilitating the development of problem-solving strategies and coping mechanisms, and providing emotional support. Behaviors that indicate that the family is successfully achieving normalization include:
* Demonstrating acceptance of child’s condition and flexibility in incorporating care into family life.
* Seeking to meet the developmental and emotional needs of other family members, as well as those of the child with the chronic illness.
* Educating others about the child’s condition and seeking to establish a support system.
* Exhibiting positive coping mechanisms when dealing with periodic crises and ongoing stress.
* Planning realistically for the future.
Behaviors that indicate that the family is successfully achieving normalization include:
- Demonstrating acceptance of child’s condition and flexibility in incorporating care into family life.
- Seeking to meet the developmental and emotional needs of other family members, as well as those of the child with the chronic illness.
- Educating others about the child’s condition and seeking to establish a support system.
- Exhibiting positive coping mechanisms when dealing with periodic crises and ongoing stress.
- Planning realistically for the future.
Following the diagnosis of a chronic illness, healthy coping involves
the child and family making efforts towards normalization, which refers to incorporating the changes necessitated by the condition into the family’s day-to-day life, thereby creating a new normal.
Chalky white fiber-like lines and pitted areas on a child’s tooth enamel are MOST likely due to:
a. dental caries
b. fluorosis
c. iron ingestion
d. plaque
b
Assessment of a child’s oral cavity should include inspection of the teeth. Signs of poor dental hygiene include the presence of plaque, a whitish coating on the surface of the teeth, and carries appearing as brown spots located between the teeth or in crevices. Ingestion of supplemental iron can cause a greenish-black discoloration of the enamel.
Fluoride is a mineral that strengthens the teeth, making them more resistant to dental caries. However, excessive fluoride ingestion leads to hypomineralization of the enamel, or fluorosis. Fluorosis may appear as chalky white fiber-like lines or spots to gray-brown stains or pitted areas on the tooth enamel.
The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry has made several recommendations in an effort to prevent dental fluorosis. Since infants and children less than two years old are likely to swallow toothpaste, when the teeth of children this age are brushed, plain water, nonfluorinated toothpaste, or a “smear” of fluoridated toothpaste should be used. A “pea-size” amount of luoridated toothpaste is recommended for children ages 2 to 5 years.
It is recommended that children between 6 months and 3 years who reside in areas where the water supply does not contain the required amount of fluoride receive fluoride supplementation. When supplementation is required, the dosage should be closely monitored.
