more questions Flashcards

1
Q

what does the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus do

A

regulating metabolism and food intake

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2
Q

what would stimulation of the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus cause

A

hyperphagia

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3
Q

function of posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus

A

elevation of blood pressure, pupillary dilation, and shivering or body heat conservation (thermoregulation)

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4
Q

what is the function of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus

A

controlling stress, metabolism, growth, reproduction, immune, and other autonomic functions

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5
Q

a lesion in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus can cause

A

diabetes insipidus

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6
Q

what would a lesion in the ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus cause

A

hyperphagia

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7
Q

pathway of the olfactory nerve

A

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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8
Q

presentation of cervical myelopathy

A

symmetrical weakness of his legs and mild weakness of his hand
abnormal gait
extremely brisk reflexes in his legs with upgoing planters bilaterally
pain affecting neck and limbs

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9
Q

investigation of cervical myelopathy

A

MRI

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10
Q

burning pain down the back of both legs not as bad when walking up hill

A

lumbar stenosis

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11
Q

presentation of lumbar disc herniation

A

sensory and motor abnormalities limited to a specific myotome

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12
Q

rupture in bridging veins

A

subdural haemorrhage
- between the dura and arachnoid

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13
Q

layers of the scalp

A

skin
connective tissue
aponeurosis
loose connective tissue
pericranium

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14
Q

sensory nerve supply of the dura mater

A

CNV

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15
Q

function of the arachnoid mater

A

arachnoid granulations that reabsorb CSF

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16
Q

diaphragm sellae

A

tough sheet of dura mater forming a roof over the pituitary fossa

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17
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

sheet of dura mater tenting over the cerebellum
attaches to the ridges of the petrous temporal bones
has a central gap to permit the brainstem to pass through

18
Q

where is the 3rd ventricle

A

in the midline within the diencephalon

19
Q

where is the left lateral ventricle

A

within left cerebral hemisphere

20
Q

circulation of CSF

A

secreted by the choroid plexus
then from the right and left lateral ventricles via the right and left foraminae of monro into
the 3rd ventricle
then via the cerebral aqueduct in
the 4th ventricle then
mainly into the subarachnoid space (but some passes into central canal)
then reabsorbed from the subarachnoid space via the arachnoid granules

21
Q

extradural haemorrhage

A

between the bone and the dura
ruptured middle meningeal artery

22
Q

subdural haemorrhage

A

separates the dura from the arachnoid
torn cerebral veins
falls in the elderly

23
Q

where does a subarachnoid haemorrhage bleed

A

into the CSF of the subarachnoid space
rupture circle of willis berry aneurysm
congenital

24
Q

ipsilateral fixed dilated pupil cause

A

compression of the oculomotor nerve by uncal herniation

25
what arteries are involved in a total anterior circulation infarct
middle and anterior cerebral arteries
26
presentation of TACI
unilateral hemiparesis and/or hemisensory loss of the face, arm and leg homonymous hemianopia higher cognitive dysfunction (dysphasia)
27
what is a partial anterior circulation infarct
involves smaller arteries of anterior circulation (upper or lower division of MCA)
28
presentation of PACI
2 out of 3 unilateral hemiparesis and/or hemisensory loss of the face, arm and leg homonymous hemianopia higher cognitive dysfunction (dysphasia)
29
what is a lacunar infarct
perforating arteries around the internal capsule, thalamus and basal ganglia
30
presentation of lacunar
1 of the following unilateral weakness of face and arm, arm and leg pure sensory stroke ataxic hemiparesis
31
presentation of posterior circulation infarcts
1 of the following cerebellar or brainstem syndromes loss of consciousness isolated homonymous hemianopia
32
lesion in the striatum (caudate nucleus) of the basal ganglia
huntington chorea
33
where is the primary auditory cortex
the superior temporal gyrus
34
where is the oculomotor nucleus
the medial midbrain
35
lesion where causes expressive dysphasia
Broca's area - frontal cortex
36
lesion where would cause receptive dysphasia
wernicke's area superior temporal gyrus
37
what is a syringomyelia
a collection of csf within the spinal cord
38
causes of syringomyelia
chiari malformation trauma tumours idiopathic
39
presentation of syringomyelia
loss of sensation to temperature- cape-like spastic weakness- of lower limbs mostly neuropathic pain upgoing plantars horner's syndrome scoliosis
40
what part of the brain does alzheimers disease affect
cortex and hippocampus
41
what part of the brain does parkinson's disease affect
basal ganglia and substantia nigra