more questions Flashcards
what does the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus do
regulating metabolism and food intake
what would stimulation of the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus cause
hyperphagia
function of posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus
elevation of blood pressure, pupillary dilation, and shivering or body heat conservation (thermoregulation)
what is the function of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
controlling stress, metabolism, growth, reproduction, immune, and other autonomic functions
a lesion in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus can cause
diabetes insipidus
what would a lesion in the ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus cause
hyperphagia
pathway of the olfactory nerve
Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
presentation of cervical myelopathy
symmetrical weakness of his legs and mild weakness of his hand
abnormal gait
extremely brisk reflexes in his legs with upgoing planters bilaterally
pain affecting neck and limbs
investigation of cervical myelopathy
MRI
burning pain down the back of both legs not as bad when walking up hill
lumbar stenosis
presentation of lumbar disc herniation
sensory and motor abnormalities limited to a specific myotome
rupture in bridging veins
subdural haemorrhage
- between the dura and arachnoid
layers of the scalp
skin
connective tissue
aponeurosis
loose connective tissue
pericranium
sensory nerve supply of the dura mater
CNV
function of the arachnoid mater
arachnoid granulations that reabsorb CSF
diaphragm sellae
tough sheet of dura mater forming a roof over the pituitary fossa
tentorium cerebelli
sheet of dura mater tenting over the cerebellum
attaches to the ridges of the petrous temporal bones
has a central gap to permit the brainstem to pass through
where is the 3rd ventricle
in the midline within the diencephalon
where is the left lateral ventricle
within left cerebral hemisphere
circulation of CSF
secreted by the choroid plexus
then from the right and left lateral ventricles via the right and left foraminae of monro into
the 3rd ventricle
then via the cerebral aqueduct in
the 4th ventricle then
mainly into the subarachnoid space (but some passes into central canal)
then reabsorbed from the subarachnoid space via the arachnoid granules
extradural haemorrhage
between the bone and the dura
ruptured middle meningeal artery
subdural haemorrhage
separates the dura from the arachnoid
torn cerebral veins
falls in the elderly
where does a subarachnoid haemorrhage bleed
into the CSF of the subarachnoid space
rupture circle of willis berry aneurysm
congenital
ipsilateral fixed dilated pupil cause
compression of the oculomotor nerve by uncal herniation
what arteries are involved in a total anterior circulation infarct
middle and anterior cerebral arteries
presentation of TACI
unilateral hemiparesis and/or hemisensory loss of the face, arm and leg
homonymous hemianopia
higher cognitive dysfunction (dysphasia)
what is a partial anterior circulation infarct
involves smaller arteries of anterior circulation (upper or lower division of MCA)
presentation of PACI
2 out of 3
unilateral hemiparesis and/or hemisensory loss of the face, arm and leg
homonymous hemianopia
higher cognitive dysfunction (dysphasia)
what is a lacunar infarct
perforating arteries around the internal capsule, thalamus and basal ganglia
presentation of lacunar
1 of the following
unilateral weakness of face and arm, arm and leg
pure sensory stroke
ataxic hemiparesis
presentation of posterior circulation infarcts
1 of the following
cerebellar or brainstem syndromes
loss of consciousness
isolated homonymous hemianopia
lesion in the striatum (caudate nucleus) of the basal ganglia
huntington chorea
where is the primary auditory cortex
the superior temporal gyrus
where is the oculomotor nucleus
the medial midbrain
lesion where causes expressive dysphasia
Broca’s area
- frontal cortex
lesion where would cause receptive dysphasia
wernicke’s area
superior temporal gyrus
what is a syringomyelia
a collection of csf within the spinal cord
causes of syringomyelia
chiari malformation
trauma
tumours idiopathic
presentation of syringomyelia
loss of sensation to temperature- cape-like
spastic weakness- of lower limbs mostly
neuropathic pain
upgoing plantars
horner’s syndrome
scoliosis
what part of the brain does alzheimers disease affect
cortex and hippocampus
what part of the brain does parkinson’s disease affect
basal ganglia and substantia nigra
