DUMS neuro anatomy Flashcards
shoulder abduction
C5
deltoid
shoulder adduction
C7,
pec major and lat dorsi
finger joint flexion
C8
digit flexors
finger joint extension
C7
digit extensors
finger joint abduction
T1
dorsal interossei
finger joint adduction
T1 palmar interossei
elbow joint flexion
C5, C6
biceps brachii
elbow joint extension
C7,8
triceps brachii
wrist joint flecion
C(6)7
carpal flexors
wrist joint extensions
C6(7)
hip joint flexion
L2, L3
psoas major
knee joint flexion
L5, S1
hamstring
knee joint extension
L3, L4
quadriceps
ankle joint dorsiflexion
L4,L5
tibialis anterior
plantar flexion
S1, S2
gastrocnemius/soleus
inversion of the ankle joint
L4
tibialis anterior and posterior
eversion of the ankle joint
L5, S1
fibularis longus and brevis
nerve which supplies the anterior compartment of thigh
femoral nerve
nerve that supplies the posterior compartment of thigh, leg and sole of foot
sciatic nerve
nerve which branches off the sciatic nerve
common fibular
nerve that supplies the medial compartment of the thigh
obturator
nerve that supplies the lateral compartment of the leg
superficial branch of the common fibular
nerve that supplier the anterior compartment of the leg
deep fibular/peroneal
which cranial nerves do not exit anteriorly
IV- posteriorly
VIII- laterally
only sensory modality that doesn’t synapse in thalamus before reaching the cortex
olfactory nerve
where is the primary visual cortex
the occipital lobe
route of the optic nerve
arises forebrain
passes through optic canal
optic tract > LGN > optic radiation > visual cortex
visual field representation in cortex
The upper field is represented in the inferior calcarine cortex, and the lower field is represented in the superior cortex
where does the macula project to
posterior pole of visual cortex
what is meyer’s loop
information from upper visual field loop anteriorly and around temporal part of lateral ventricle, ending up below calcarine sulcus
route of oculomotor nerve
arises midbrain
passes through superior orbital fissure
what muscles does CNIII innervate
LPS
SR
MR
IR
IO
EW nucleus
pre-ganglionic parasympathetic nucleus involved in light reflex
route of CNIV
arises midbrain from trochlear nucleus
loops around aqueduct and therefore crosses (exits posteriorly)
passes through superior orbital fissure
where does CNV arises
arises from pons
motor control of CNV
muscle of mastication, tensor tympani, myohoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor veli palatini
sensory nuclei for CNV
mesencephalic nucleus (proprioception from chewing)
pontine/primary trigeminal nucleus (descriminative touch, vibration)
spinal nucleus (pain, temperature)
only site in the CNS where bodies of primary afferent neurones live inside CNS
mesencephalic nucleus
where does the sensory information go from the sensory CNV nuclei
move from the nuclei to the thalamus via ventral trigeminothalamic tract
where does the abducens nerve arise
pontomedullary junction then passes through the superior orbital fissure
route of facial nerve
arises pontomedullary junction and passes through internal acoustic meatus and then stylomastoid foramen
somatic motor control from facial nerve
comes from facial motor nucleus
muscles facial expression, stapedius
parasympathetic supply of the facial nerve
pterygopalatine (lacrimal gland)
submandibular ganglia (pre-synaptic fibres synapse with post- synaptic to supply salivary glands)
bells palsy
facial nerve lesion to lose ability to move upper and lower face
route of CNVIII
arises pontomedullary junction
passes through internal acoustic meatus
2 parts- more detail
the vestibulo-ocular reflex
allows images on the retina to be stabilised when the head is turning by moving the eyes in the opposite direction
route of vagus nerve
arises medulla
passes through jugular forman
sensory control of the vagus nerve
tactile sense, pain and temperature from the pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, abdominal viscera etc
taste. solitary nucleus
parasympathetic control of vagus nerve
Innervates the smooth muscle of the trachea, bronchi and gastro-intestinal tract and regulates heart rhythm
route of vagus nerve in the neck
nerve passes into the carotid sheath and travels with jugular vein and common carotid artery
nerve splits at base of neck
different route between right and left vagus nerve
right vagus nerve passes anterior to the subclavian artery and posterior to the sternoclavicular joint, entering the thorax
left vagus nerve passes inferiorly between the left common carotid and left subclavian arteries, posterior to the sternoclavicular joint, entering the thorax
branches of the vagus that split in the neck
pharyngeal branches
superior laryngeal nerve
recurrent laryngeal nerve
route of spinal accessory
arises C1-6 (from accessory nucleus in ventral horn) goes back up through foramen magnum then back down jugular foramen
route of hypoglossal
arises medulla (from hypogloassal nucleus)
passes through hypoglossal canal
pyramidal tracts
lateral corticospinal tract
anterior corticospinal tract
extrapyramidal tracts
rubrospinal tract
reticulospinal tracts
olivospinal tract
vestibulospinal tract
DCML
fine touch and proprioception (sensed by capsulated receptors)
route of DCML
fibres ascend and cross in medulla
synapse in the thalamus (VPL) and end up in primary somatosensory cortex
lateral spinothalamic tract
pain, temperature
spinocerebellar tract
unconscious proprioceptive info from upper and lower limbs
ascend to ipslateral cerebellum
corticospinal tract
fine movement, particularly distal limb muscles
route of corticospinal tract
descends through internal capsule to brainstem
most fibres cross in caudal medulla at decussation of pyramids and then synapse onto horn when appropriate level reached
??
mechanism of anterior cord syndrome
flexion or vascular (anterior spinal artery)
clinical symptoms of anterior cord syndrome
complete loss motor
pain and temp loss below injury
retain proprioception and fine touch
mechanism of central cord syndrome
forced hyperextension or hyperflexion (often on top of long-standing cervical spondylosis)
clinical presentation of central cord syndrome
distal upper limb weakness
lower limb preserved
cape like SST sensory loss
DCML preserved
mechanism of brown sequard syndrome
penetrating trauma
clinical presentation of brown sequard syndrome
ipsilateral motor, fine touch and proprioception loss below lesion
contralateral loss pain and temp
