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neuro > back, spin, spinal cord and nerves > Flashcards

back, spin, spinal cord and nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what is the blue

A

spine of scapula

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2
Q

what is the red

A

teres major
rotator cuff muscle

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3
Q

what is the purple

A

latissimus dorsi

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4
Q

what is the pink

A

erector spinae

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5
Q

what is the green

A

trapezius

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6
Q

extrinsic back muscles

A

external
- attach back to pectoral girdle
move upper limb
levator scapulae, trapezius, rhomboids, latissimus dorsi

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7
Q

intrinsic back muscles

A

maintain back posture
move spine
2 groups:
- erector spinae (superficial)
- transversospinalis (deep)

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8
Q

erector spinae

A

3 vertical muscle groups located lateral to the spine
inferiorly- common tendon attaches to the sacrum and iliac crest
superiorly- individual muscle fibres attach to either: a rib, a transverse process of a vertebra, a spinous process of vertebra

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9
Q

nerve supply of intrinsic back muscles

A

segmental nerve supply: dermatomes
posterior rami branches

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10
Q

muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall anterior to posterior

A

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis

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11
Q

what muscles control flexion of the spine

A

psoas major and rectus abdominis

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12
Q

curvatures of the vertebral column

A

cervical lordosis
thoracic kyphosis
lumbar lordosis
sacral kyphosis

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13
Q

where are the spinal nerves found

A

intervertebral foramen

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14
Q

outer fibrous ring of the intervertebral disc

A

annulus fibrosus

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15
Q

inner soft pulp of the intervertebral disc

A

nucleus pulposus

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16
Q

ligaementum flavum

A

short
connects adjacent laminae posterior to spinal cord

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17
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament

A

broad, strong
prevents over-extension of spine

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18
Q

what does the posterior longitudinal ligament do

A

prevents over flexion of the spine

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19
Q

supraspinous ligament

A

connects tips of spinous processes
strong, fibrous

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20
Q

interspinous ligament

A

connect superior and inferior surfaces of adjacent spinous processes
weak

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21
Q

C1 important things

A

atlas
does not have a bony or spinous process
has a posterior arch and anterior arch instead

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22
Q

what level is this

A

C1- atlas

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23
Q

important things about C2

A

axis
has an odontoid process
projects superiorly from body

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24
Q

what level is this

A

C2- axis

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25
Q

first palpable spinous process in most people

A

C7

26
Q

what does the needle pass through in an epidural

A

supraspinous ligament
interspinous ligament
ligamentum flavum
epidural space (fat and veins)

27
Q

what does a needle pass through in a spinal anaesthetic

A

supraspinous ligament
interspinous ligament
ligamentum flavum
epidural space (fat and veins)
dura mater
arachnoid mater
then reaches the subarachnoid space

28
Q

where is anaesthetic injected in caudal anaesthesia

A

sacral hiatus

29
Q

where would you test C2

A

back of scalp and adams apple

30
Q

where would you test C3

A

back of neck and jugular notch

31
Q

where would you test C4

A

clavicle and shoulder tip

32
Q

where would you test C5

A

badge patch

33
Q

where would you test C6

A

thumb

34
Q

where would you test C7

A

middle finger

35
Q

where would you test C8

A

little finger

36
Q

where would you test T1

A

medial forearm

37
Q

where would you test T2

A

medial arm and sternal angle

38
Q

where would you test T4

A

nipple

39
Q

where would you test T10

A

umbilicus

40
Q

where would you test T12

A

pubic symphysis

41
Q

where would you test L1

A

groin

42
Q

where would you test L2

A

anterior thigh

43
Q

where would you test L3

A

anterior knee

44
Q

where would you test L4

A

medial malleolus

45
Q

where would you test L5

A

dorsum of foot

46
Q

where would you test S1

A

heel

47
Q

where would you test S2

A

posterior knee

48
Q

where would you test S3

A

buttock

49
Q

where would you test S4

A

perineum

50
Q

spinal nerve root levels of the femoral nerve

A

L2, L3, and L4

51
Q

nerves that supply upper anterolateral trunk wall

A

intercostal nerves

52
Q

named nerves that supply anterolateral trunk wall

A

iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

53
Q

what does the subcostal nerve supply

A

anterior ramus of T12

54
Q

what nerve supplies the anatomical snuff box

A

cutaneous branches of the radial nerve

55
Q

what does the bicep reflex test

A

C5 (6)

56
Q

what does the triceps reflex test

A

C7

57
Q

what does the supinator/brachioradialis reflex test

A

C6

58
Q

what does the knee reflex test

A

L4

59
Q

what does the ankle reflex test

A

S1

60
Q

what does spasticity mean

A

the muscle has an intact and function motor nerve
the descending controls from the brain are not working
= increased tone

neuro (20 decks)

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