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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the precision of a measuring tool (excluding rulers/digital callipers)

A

half of the smallest division

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2
Q

rulers/digital callipers precision

A

the smallest division

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3
Q

SI base unit for temperature

A

Kelvin (K (capital letter)

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4
Q

SI base unit for length

A

metres (m)

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5
Q

SI base unit for volume

A

metre cube (m^3)

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6
Q

SI base unit for time

A

seconds (s)

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7
Q

SI base unit for mass

A

kilograms (kg)

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8
Q

CER for material suitabililty

A

C: answer
E: property
R: how does this benefit purpose/user?

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9
Q

what is precision based on?

A

based on instument

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10
Q

what is reliability based on?

A

repition of experiment

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11
Q

Marie puts 50 identical iron pellets into a measuring cylinder to measure the volume of each one. Jack puts 1 iron pellet into the measuring cylinder to measure its volume. who’s method is more suitable?

A

Marie’s method
volume of the pellet is too small so the measuring cylinder is not prcise nough to measure such a small change in volume.

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12
Q

if a material denser than water is placed in water, where will it be?

A

sink down to the bottom

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13
Q

if a material of the same density as water is placed in water, where will it be?

A

SUSPENDED in water (no matter where it is, as long as it does not float or touch the bottom)

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14
Q

if the material is less dense than te water and is placed in water, where will it be?

A

floating on top of the water

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15
Q

SI unit for density

A

kg/m^3

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16
Q

possible units for density

A

kg/m^3
g/cm^3

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17
Q

1g/cm^3

A

1000 kg/m^3 (m^3=1000000 cm^3)

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18
Q

if the liquid in the measuring cylinder curves up/down, how to measure?

A

use middle of curve

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19
Q

can scientists obtain a wide range of different results for the same experiment?

A

no

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20
Q

should you say amounts?

A

NO
use volume, mass, length, etc.

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21
Q

5Rs

A

refuse
reduce
reuse
recycle
rot

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22
Q

how can a compound be broken down?

A

a compund can be chemically broken down into its constituent elements

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23
Q

what does a mixture of elements look like?

A

2 or more different sets of same size same colour atoms that do not touch atoms of different size and colour

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24
Q

what does one element look like?

A

sets of same size same colour atoms

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25
Q

period on periodic table

A

numbered row

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26
Q

group on periodic table

A

column

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27
Q

how to explain smth is a compound

A
  1. describe physical peroperties of compund
  2. descrive physical properties of elements of the compound
  3. this shows the (compound) does not have the same properties as it constituent properties and thus, it is a compounnd
    (4. in additon, (element) (chemical process) which shows that a chemical reaction took place)
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28
Q

when talking about solubility, filtration, etc, dont say smaller say…

A

smaller particle size

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29
Q

classes of materials

A

ceramic
metal
glass
plastic
fibres

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30
Q

characteristics of fibres

A

can be spun into threads and woven into fabrics
flexible
elastic
strong
durable
poor electrical conductivity
poor thermal conductivity

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31
Q

charactieristics of plastic

A

lightwieght
resistant to chemical corrosion
can be moulded into shapes
low melting piont
poor electrical conductiiveity
poor thermal conductivitiy

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32
Q

characteristics of ceramic

A

made from clay
resistant to chemical corrosion
has a very high melting point
hard
brittle (can be broken easily)
can be moulded into shapes when molten
poor electrical conductiviy

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33
Q

characteristics of metal

A

lustrous (shiny)
good electrical conductivity
good thermal conductivy
malleable

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34
Q

characteristics of glass

A

transparent
hard
brittle
can be moulded into shapes when moleten
poor electircal conductivity
high melting point

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35
Q

matter definition

A

anything that has mass and occupies space

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36
Q

how can matter ve classified

A

matter can be classified in different ways. for example, in the different staes they are in, from the materials the objects are made and so on

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37
Q

pure substance definition

A

a single substance not mixed with anything else
fixed composiition
fixed properties
cannot be decomposed by simple physical seperation techniques
elements/compounds

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38
Q

impure substance definition

A

mixture

variable composition
variable properties
can be seperated into components by various physical seperation techniques
solutions/suspensions

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39
Q

is clear water and pure water the same thing?

A

no

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40
Q

what are elements?

A

the simplest pure substances. they are the vasic building blocks of living and non-living matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical or physical means

made up of 1 type of atom

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41
Q

how to identify number of elements in a compound

A

find number of capital letters

42
Q

compound vs mixture (chemical thingy arrangement thingy)

A

compound: H2O
mixture: He + O

43
Q

metals physical propertites periodic table

A

nearly all metals are solids at room temperature
metals conduct electriecity
metals are goo d themal conductors
metals are strong and malleable, mostly quite soft
all metals are shiny when polished

44
Q

non-metals physical properties

A

can either be solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature
do not condurct electricity execpt for graphite
poor thermal condurctore
in solid state, they are hard and brittle
mostly dull when in solid state

45
Q

atom

A

simplest particle of element

46
Q

molecule

A

2 or more atoms chemically bonded (can be compound/element)

47
Q

compound

A

2 or more elements chemically bonded together

48
Q

do the elements and/or compounds in a mixture retain their physical properties?

A

yes

49
Q

do the elements in a compound retain their physical properties?

A

no

50
Q

homogenous mixtures

A

(solution)
particles of each component are distributed uniformly

51
Q

heterogenous mixtures

A

(suspension)
particles of each component are not distributed uniformly

52
Q

types of solutions (state of matter)

A

liquid-liquid - beer (ethanol+water)
gas-liquid - fizzy drinks (carbon dioxide+water)
solid-liquid - salt solution (salt+water)
solid-solid - alloys
gas-gas - air (nitogen+oxygen+other gases)

53
Q

factors affecting rate of dissolving

A

rate of stirring
size of solute particles
temperature

54
Q

factors affecting solubility

A

type of solvent
type of solute
temperature

55
Q

dilute solution

A

solution with small amoutn of solute in large amount of solvent

56
Q

concentrated solution

A

solution with large amount of solute in small amount of solution

57
Q

saturated solution

A

solution which contains the greatest amount of solute that can ve dissolved in a fized amount of solvent at a given temperature

58
Q

emergent ray (glass block)

A

ray coming out of glass block

59
Q

refracted ray (glass block)

A

ray in glass block

60
Q

incident ray (glass block)

A

ray entering glass block

61
Q

characteristics of images produced by convex mirrors

A

diminished
virtual
upright

they provide a wide field of vision

62
Q

characteristics of images produced by concave mirrors

A

magnified
virtual
upright

used when magnified image is needed

63
Q

an ant is 6 cm in front of a plane mirror. it crwawls towards the mirror by 2cm. final distance from image?

A

8cm

64
Q

cheryl is having her eyesight tested. a test card is placed 70cm behind her. the mirror is 190cm in front of her. how far away from her will the image position of the test card seem to be?

A

190cm+190cm+70cm = 450cm

65
Q

higher optical density, …

A

light travels slower, light ray goes towards normal

66
Q

lower optical density, …

A

light travels faster, light ray goes away from normal

67
Q

what happens to ink on filter papwer when it comes in contact with water in both cases?

A

the ink will dissolve in the water and spread with the water through the filter paper

68
Q

types of images

A

real image: light falls where the image is so the image can be caught on the screen. (image from a projector)

virtual image: image can be seen but no light rays are passing throughthe location of image, so the image cannot be caught on screen. (image in a mirror) (spectacle lens)

69
Q

characteristics of image formed by plane mirror

A

upright
same size as object
image apperars as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror
virtual
laterally inverted

70
Q

mnemonic for refraction optically density

A

FA - Faster light speed, bends Away from normal
ST - Slower light speed, bends Towards normal

71
Q

where does refraction take place

A

at the boundary (the surface that seperates one medium form another)

72
Q

will there be any bending of light if the angle of incidence is zero

A

no

73
Q

will there be any increase/decrease of speed of light if angle incidence is zero?

A

yes

74
Q

dispersion of light definition

A

seperation of white lliht into its spectrum of colours

75
Q

what radiation is light?

A

electromagnetic radiation

76
Q

how to recombine dispersed colours back into white light?

A

use a second prism that is inverted

77
Q

is it possible to recombine dispersed colours back into white light?

A

yes

78
Q

how to draw real light rays

A

solid lines with arrows

79
Q

2 laws of reflection

A

The incident ray, reflected ray, and normal lie on the same plane.
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

80
Q

how to draw imaginary light rays, and what are they called

A

dotted lines with arrows, they are called virtual light rays

81
Q

angle of incidence

A

the angle between the incident ray and the normal

82
Q

angle of reflection

A

angle between the reflected ray and the normal

83
Q

reflected ray

A

light ray bouncing off reflecting surface

84
Q

incident ray

A

light ray approaching reflecting surface

85
Q

normal

A

line perpendicular to reflecting surface and passing thorugh the point of incidence

86
Q

reflection on smooth surfaces

A

regular reflection occurs so we can see clear reflected images

87
Q

reflection on rough surfaces

A

diffused reflectioin occurs so we do not see clear relected images

88
Q

is there lateral inversion when a periscope is used?

A

no

89
Q

function of retort stand

A

clamp that holds other apparutus and is used to support apparatus during experiment

90
Q

function of tripod stand with wire gause

A

tripod stand is usually used with a wire gauze on it and is used to support appartutus that is heated by a bunsen burner

91
Q

boiling tube/test tube function

A

boiling tube/test tube is used ot contain small amounts of chemicals for heating or for mixing solutions or solids

92
Q

beaker function

A

a beaker is used to contain chemicals or for collecting and holding liquids

93
Q

conical flask function

A

a conical flask is used for containing chemicals or collecting and holding liquids. its narrow mouth allows a stopper or filter funnel to fit into it and also for easy mixing or liquids without spillage

94
Q

evaporating dish function

A

evaporating dish is used for evaporating liquid in a solution over a bunsen burner

95
Q

filter funnel function

A

filter funnel is used with a filter paper for seperating insoluble solids from a liquid.

96
Q

flame for heating

A

air hole open, non-luminous

97
Q

flame for alert others

A

air hole closed, orange, luminous

98
Q

filtrate

A

liquid that has passed through filter

99
Q

residue

A

particles that are left behind on the filter

100
Q

filtration

A

used to sepertate insoluble solid form liquid. involes passsing the mixture through filter paper on a funnel

science (8 decks)

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