digestion

Question 1

types of nutrients

Answer 1

carbohydrates
proties
fats
vitamins
minerals
water (kind of)
fibre

Question 2

purpose of digestion

Answer 2

to break down large, insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble molecules so that they can be absorbed by the body and used by body cells to release energy through cellular respiration (mitochondria)

Question 3

parts of alimentary canal?

Answer 3

mouth
oesophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine (including colon (the part that absorbs water) and rectum (the part that stores waste))
anus

Question 4

accessory organs of digestion?

Answer 4

salivary glands

Question 5

physical digestion purpose and 2 examples

Answer 5

chewing in mouth
churning in stomach
purpose: break food into smaller pieces by physical or mechanical means such as crushing, grinding, and mixing.

Question 6

chemical digestion

Answer 6

done by enzymes which hydrolyse food molecules into smaller, soluble molecules so that they can be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 7

what are enzymes

Answer 7

biological catalysts produced by the body that speed up the rate of some chemical reactions, including chemical digestion.

Question 8

mouth

Answer 8

physical digestion: chewing - increases surface area to vol ratio of the food which allows it to be digested faster and makes food easier to swallow

chemical digestion: salivary glands produce salivary AMYLASE which digests STARCH (carbohydrates) into glucose

Question 9

oesophagus

Answer 9

muscular tube that contracts and relaxes rhythmically to push the food down towards the stomach

no phy digestion occurs here

although oesophagus does not release any digestive juices, there is chem digestion of starch by salivary amylase that is mixed by the food

Question 10

where is fat digested

Answer 10

mouth - physical - chewing
stomach - physical - churning
small intestine - chemical - lipase

Question 11

where are carbohydrates digested

Answer 11

mouth - physical and chemical - chewing and salivary amylase
stomach - physical - churning
small intestine - chemical - amylase and maltase

Question 12

where are proteins digested

Answer 12

mouth - physical - chewing
stomach - physical and chemical - churning and protease
small intestine - chemical - protease

Question 13

stomach

Answer 13

physical
churns to break food into smaller pieces and mixes it with gastric juice

chemical
gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid and proteases
hydrochloric acid kills bacteria and provides the right condition (acidic pH) for proteases to act
proteases digest proteins

the stomach has a thick layer of mucus to protect its tissues from damage caused by the hydrochloric acid and proteases in the gastric juice

Question 14

simplest form of starch (that i know)

Answer 14

glucose