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Chemistry > More on carboxylic acids, esters and fatty acids > Flashcards

More on carboxylic acids, esters and fatty acids Flashcards

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1
Q

in aqueous solution, the cleavage of O-H bonds result in the formation of ___________ and ______________

A

Carboxylate ion and hydronium ion

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2
Q

are carboxylic acids weak or strong acids?

A

weak acids

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3
Q

true or false

Carboxylic acids ionize fully.

A

False. An equilibrium exists between the ionized and unionized forms.

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4
Q

Carboxylic acids react with active metals to form what?

A

Salts and hydrogen gas.

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5
Q

How do we name the salts of carboxylic acids?

A

named by writing the metal first and then replacing the “-ic acid” with “-ate”

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6
Q

Carboxylic acids react with strong bases like sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide to form what?

A

Salts and water.

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7
Q

Carboxylic acids react with weak bases like carbonates or bicarbonates to form what?

A

salt, water and carbon dioxide.

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8
Q

carboxylic acids react with ammonia to form ____________

A

ammonium salts of carboxylic acids

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9
Q

The reaction where the -OH group is replaced by an alkoxy group to form esters is called

A

Esterification

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10
Q

One of the important methods for preparation of carboxylic acids is _______

A

oxidation

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11
Q

the primary alcools are readily oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic acids by their reaction with common oxidizing agents like ________

A

potassium permanagate or potassium dichromate

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12
Q

true or false

The alkyl group, in the oxidation of alkylbenzenes, is oxidised to carboxyl group irresptive of its size.

A

True

for example, toluene and ethylbenzene both give benzoix acid on refluxing with KMnO4 in alkaline medium.

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13
Q

____________ is one of the important carboxylix acids which is used as food preservaive.

A

Acetic acid

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14
Q

The process in which large quantities of acetic acid is obtained in industry from fermentation of ethanol is known as ________>

A

Quick Vinegar Fermentation Process

gives 10% yield

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15
Q

what do we call the carboxylic acids with a long hydrocarbon chain?

A

Fatty acids

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16
Q

Which one is more saturated? Animal fatty acids or vegetable origin fatty acids?

A

Animal fatty acids

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17
Q

True or False

Most fatty acids contain an even number of carbon atoms

A

True

With only a few exceptions, fatty acids are straight chain compounds

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18
Q

Fatty acids that do not contaion carbon-carbon double bonds are known as ________

A

saturated fatty acids

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19
Q

Fatty acids thhat contain one or more double bonds are called ____—

A

unsaturated acids

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20
Q

Name the carboxylic formula

CH3(CH2)10COOH

A

Lauric acids

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21
Q

Name the formula

CH3(CH2)12COOH

A

Myristic acid

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22
Q

Name the formula

CH3(CH2)14COOH

A

Palmitic acid

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23
Q

Name the formula

CH3(CH2)16COOH

A

Stearic acid

24
Q

Name the formula

CH3(CH2)18COOH

A

Archaric acid

25
Q

state some uses of the acetic acid

A
  • as a solvent
  • as a starting material in the prep of acetaes, acetic anhydride
  • used to prepare vinyl acetate polymer(for paints)
  • used to prepare Asprin by reacting salicyclic acid(2-hydroxylbenoic acid)
26
Q

true or false

the smell of esters is usually unpleasant

A

False

27
Q

____________ are derivatives of carboxylic acids in which the hydroxyl group of carboxylic acid has been replaced by an alkoxy group

A

Esters

28
Q

True or false

When naming esters, the first part comes from the protion of the alchohol

A

true

the second portions is based on the carboxylic acids

29
Q

the portion coming from alcohol is attaced to the oxygen as an ________ and the acid portion is attached to the oxygen through ___________

A

alkyl group, carbonyl group

30
Q

True or false

Molecular formula can represent more than one structure.

A

True

for C3O2H6, it can be Methyl ethanoate or Ethyl methanoate

31
Q

Does the boiling point of ester increase or decrease with increasing molecular mass?

A

increase

32
Q

can ester molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other?

A

No, they cannot.
But they can form hydrogen bonding with water

33
Q

Do esters have lower or higher boiling points than carboxylic acids and alcohols or comparable molecular mass?

A

Lower boiling points since they cannot form hydrogen bonding with each other.

34
Q

is the solubility of esters in water about the same as that of carboxylic acids of the same molecular mass?

A

Yes. Because they can have hydrogen bonding with water

35
Q

are esters soluble in inorganic solvents?

A

no, they are soluble in organic solvents

36
Q

Hydrolysis of esters in the presence of an acid catalyst yield in __________

A

carboxylic acids and alcohols

37
Q

Hydrolysis of esters in base catalysed reaction yields in __________

A

salts of carboxylic acids and alcohols

38
Q

Base catalyzed ester hydrolysis is called

A

saponification

generally uses sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide

39
Q

in reduction reactions, esters are reduced to ________

A

alchohols

uses reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride

40
Q

in esterification, carboxylic acids and alchohols are heated to make ester in the presence of which catalyst?

A

sulphuric acid.

with the elimination of water

41
Q

name some properties of esters of small acids and alcohol

A
  1. non corrosive
  2. non-toxic
  3. good solvents for oils and fats, nail polishes,varnishes, paints, gums, resins
42
Q

name some uses of esters

A
  1. solvents
  2. edicine
  3. clothing
  4. fragnances in perfume
43
Q

name the ester present in the following fruit

Apple

A

Ethyl isovalerate

44
Q

name the ester present in the following fruits

Pineapple

A

Methyl butanoate and ethyl butanoate

45
Q

name the ester found in the following fruit

Banana

A

Isopentyl acetate

46
Q

name the ester present in the fruit

Orange

A

Octyl acetate

47
Q

fats and oils belong to a class of biomolecules called ________

A

lipids

48
Q

fats and oils are triesters of glycerol which are collectlively known as _______________-

A

triglycerides or triacylglycerols

49
Q

the distinction between a fat and an oil depends upon their _______

A

physical states

50
Q

If the substance is solid or semi solid at ordinary temperature, it is termed _____

A

fat

51
Q

List three examples of marine fats

A

liver oil, blubber oil, fish oil.

52
Q

choose one.

variation in the structure of fats and oils occur in the acid/alcohol protion

A

acid portion

53
Q

true or false

fats are mostly ester of glycerol and unsaturated fatty acids while oils are liquid ester derived form saturated faty acids and glycerol

A

False. Fats come from saturated fatty acids andoils come from unsaturated fatty acids

54
Q

state some common physical properties of fats and oils

A
  1. greasy to the touch
  2. have lubricating properties
  3. not readily volatile
  4. burned without no residue
  5. colorless
  6. odorless
  7. neutral substance in pure state
  8. lighter than water and immiscible in it
55
Q

choose

butter lard, tarrow are liquids/solids in room temperature

A

solids

56
Q

oils can be converted to fats by a process called ________

A

hardening of oils

additionof hydrogen at high pressure in the presence of nickel or palladum

57
Q

____ are sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids.

A

soaps

Chemistry (8 decks)

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