More general science stuff/Multiple Choice (mistakes)

Question 1

How are new alleles formed?

Answer 1

By mutation in the DNA of a gene

Question 2

What term is now used to describe Mendel’s factors (the physical traits in his pea plants)?

Answer 2

Genes

Question 3

What processes result in the genetic variation of offspring?

Answer 3

DNA mutation and gamete formation

Question 4

The gamete plays an important role in sexual reproduction because it carries

Answer 4

half the genetic information of the parent

Question 5

List pathogens in order of increasing size

Answer 5

prion, virus, bacteria, protozoan, macroparasite

Question 6

why is the replication of DNA important?

Answer 6

it maintains genetic information

Question 7

What would the acidity of the blood in capillaries at the lungs be?

Answer 7

less acidic.

Question 8

What is the role of antigens in the body’s defence against disease?

Answer 8

they trigger the immune response

Question 9

the gamete plays an important role in sexual reproduction because it carries

Answer 9

half the genetic info of the parent

Question 10

What happens to the concentrations of glucose, urea and protein as fluid moves from the primary convoluted tubule (PCT) to the collecting duct?

Answer 10

glucose concentrations decrease
protein concentrations are unchanged
Urea concentrations increase

Question 11

What feature of prions distinguishes them from all other types of pathogens?

Answer 11

they don’t contain nucleic acids

whilst they aren’t cells, this doesn’t distinguish them from viruses

Question 12

what observation helped develop a model for the transmission of malaria?

Answer 12

after swamps were drained there was a major decline in the numbers of individauls catching malaria

Question 13

Justify your use of equipment/resources to perform an investigation to draw a longitudinal section of xylem tissue

Answer 13

You would need a cutting board and scalpel to cut the stem material of a plant eg celery which has been soaked for an hour in red food colouring to provide contrast in the vascular tissue. Glass slides and cover slips are required for mounting the thin slices of specimen which were viewed under a microscope to magnify the cells. This enables us to then sketch a diagram by looking at this magnification

Question 14

If an article was a blog post, published by a ‘Science News’ website how reliable would it be?

Answer 14

Whilst it comes from a ‘science’ website, it has come from essentially an ‘unknown’ origin. As no sources are given, nor the name of the author, their qualifications and authority on the subject which would be required to validate the information, it is unreliable.,

Question 15

An extremely high concentration of carbon dioxide is undesirable in active muscle tissue

Answer 15

because it will

Question 16

what describes what happens to the muscles and the arteriole walls in the skin when the core body temperature is below normal?

Answer 16

• muscles of skin contract, raising epidermal hairs,

- arteriole walls in skin contract (vasoconstriction, to reduce heat lost)

Question 17

what did mendel cross in his first generation?

Answer 17

pure bred plants that were homozygous:

TTxtt

Question 18

can helper T cells activate macrophages?

Answer 18

Yes, either directly stimulating it or by releasing cytokines

Question 19

Aim: To determine the optimum pH of four different enzymes.

How many independent variables were in this first-hand investigation?

Answer 19

pH is depednetn variable. Optimum pH for foru different enzymes is being tested, so there are 4 independent variables

Question 20

Strict hygiene practices are followed in the care of newborns, whereas hygiene practices in the care of older babies are less emphasised.
why?

Answer 20

Procaryotic cells are not identified as antigens in early development.