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1
Q

Communication With Limited Means.

A 
for, for the purpose of
para
there
allá
to work, working
trabajar
to eat, eating
comer
to be happy
estar contento
to be unhappy
estar descontento
well
bien
but
pero
without
sin
to live, living (compare "vivid," "vivify")
vivir
to be able, being able (compare "power")
poder
to sleep, sleeping (compare "dorm")
dormir
to rest, resting (compare "repose")
reposar
much, a lot
mucho
One must (you have to, it's necessary to)               
Hay que
(It) is fun.
Es divertido(a).
It is (im)possible.
Es (im)posible.

Useful Spanish Sentences

Get the meaning of the following sentences.

Hay que trabajar allá.

Hay que trabajar mucho allá.

Hay que trabajar sin reposar y sin comer.

Hay que trabajar para comer.

Hay que trabajar bien para vivir bien.

Hay que trabajar bien para estar contento.

Hay que comer mucho para poder trabajar mucho.

Hay que dormir bien para trabajar bien.

Hay que trabajar para poder estar contento.

Trabajar es vivir.

Vivir es comer.

Trabajar sin poder dormir es vivir sin poder estar contento.

Es imposible trabajar sin reposar y sin comer.

Reposar sin dormir es posible.

Equivalents of Spanish Sentences

In case you have doubts, here are the same sentences in English. Orally translate these back into Spanish.

One has to work there.

You have to work a lot there.

It’s necessary to work without resting and without eating.

You have to work in order to eat.

One has to work well in order to live well.

It’s necessary to work well in order to be happy.

You have to eat a lot in order to be able to work a lot.

You have to sleep well in order to work well.

One has to work in order to be able to be happy.

To work is to live (or, working is living).

To live is to eat (or, living is eating).

To work without being able to sleep is to live without being able to be happy.

It is impossible to work without resting and without eating.

It’s possible to rest without sleeping (or, resting without sleeping is possible).

Bonus: Spelling Rules of Cognate Words
In many cognate words–words that are very similar in different languages– double letters in English correspond to single letters in Spanish:

Letters
Spanish
bb > b
abreviación, sábado (compare "Sabbath")
cc > c
ocupación, acomodación, aceptar, acumulación
dd > d
adición
ff > f
efecto, aflicción
gg > g
agresor, agravación
ll > l
ilusión, colección
mm > m
comentario, acomodación
nn > n
conexión, anual
pp > p
opresión
ss > s
misión imposible, asociación, necesario
tt > t
atención, atractiva
In many cognate words, consonant clusters are reduced to a single consonant:
Letters
Spanish
ct > t
respetable
ph > f
foto, elefante, geografía, profeta
ks > j
complejo (complex)
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2
Q

para

A

for, for the purpose of

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3
Q

alli

A

there

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4
Q

trabajar

A

to work, working

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5
Q

comer

A

to eat, eating

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6
Q

estar contento

A

to be happy

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7
Q

estar descontento

A

to be unhappy

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8
Q

bien

A

well

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9
Q

pero

A

but

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10
Q

vivir

A

to live, living (compare “vivid,” “vivify”)

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11
Q

poder

A

to be able, being able (compare “power”)

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12
Q

dormir

A

to sleep, sleeping (compare “dorm”)

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13
Q

reposar

A

to rest, resting (compare “repose”)

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14
Q

mucho

A

much, a lot

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15
Q

hay que

A

One must (you have to, it’s necessary to)

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16
Q

Es divertido(a).

A

(It) is fun.

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17
Q

Es (im)posible.

A

Es divertido(a).

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18
Q

Hay que trabajar allá.

A

One has to work there.

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19
Q

Hay que trabajar mucho allá.

A

You have to work a lot there.

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20
Q

Hay que trabajar sin reposar y sin comer.

A

It’s necessary to work without resting and without eating.

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21
Q

Hay que trabajar para comer.

A

You have to work in order to eat.

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22
Q

Hay que trabajar bien para vivir bien.

A

One has to work well in order to live well.

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23
Q

Hay que trabajar bien para estar contento.

A

it’s necessary to work well in order to be happy.

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24
Q

Hay que comer mucho para poder trabajar mucho.

A

You have to eat a lot in order to be able to work a lot.

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25
Q

Hay que dormir bien para trabajar bien.

A

You have to sleep well in order to work well.

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26
Q

Hay que trabajar para poder estar contento.

A

One has to work in order to be able to be happy.

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27
Q

Trabajar es vivir.

A

To work is to live (or, working is living).

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28
Q

Vivir es comer.

A

To live is to eat (or, living is eating).

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29
Q

Trabajar sin poder dormir es vivir sin poder estar contento.

A

To work without being able to sleep is to live without being able to be happy.

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30
Q

Es imposible trabajar sin reposar y sin comer.

A

It is impossible to work without resting and without eating.

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31
Q

Reposar sin dormir es posible.

A

It’s possible to rest without sleeping (or, resting without sleeping is possible).

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32
Q

Spelling Rules of Cognate Words

A

In many cognate words–words that are very similar in different languages– double letters in English correspond to single letters in Spanish:

bb > b     abreviación, sábado (compare "Sabbath")
cc > c
ocupación, acomodación, aceptar, acumulación
dd > d
adición
ff > f
efecto, aflicción
gg > g
agresor, agravación
ll > l
ilusión, colección
mm > m
comentario, acomodación
nn > n
conexión, anual
pp > p
opresión
ss > s
misión imposible, asociación, necesario
tt > t
atención, atractiva
In many cognate words, consonant clusters are reduced to a single consonant:
Letters
Spanish
ct > t
respetable
ph > f
foto, elefante, geografía, profeta
ks > j
complejo (complex)
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33
Q

aereo

A

air, or by air

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34
Q

el barco

A

the boat

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35
Q

el autobus

A

the bus

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36
Q

el carro

A

the car

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37
Q

a pie

A

on foot

38
Q

el metro

A

the subway

39
Q

el tren

A

the train

40
Q

el camion

A

the truck

41
Q

la cuadra

A

the block

42
Q

la parada de autobus

A

the bus stop

43
Q

la autopista

A

the freeway

44
Q

la gasolinera

A

the gas station

45
Q

la interseccion

A

the intersection

46
Q

el kilometro

A

the kilometer

47
Q

la milla

A

the mile

48
Q

el alto

A

the stop sign

49
Q

el semaforo

A

the traffic light

50
Q

tener prisa

A

to be in a hurry

51
Q

manejar

A

to drive

52
Q

subirse a

A

to get into a vehicle

53
Q

seguir recto

A

to go straight

54
Q

estacionar

A

to park

55
Q

andar en bicicleta

A

to ride a bycycle

56
Q

correr

A

to run

57
Q

doblar

A

to turn

58
Q

caminar

A

to walk

59
Q

el coche

A

the car

60
Q

NEGATIVE TÚ COMMANDS

A

Pattern: Negative informal commands are formed by taking the first person present form (yo form) of the verb and then adding the opposite tú ending.

Conjugation

To form the negative tú command, start with the first person present tense conjugation of the verb. Then, change the ending to the “opposite tú ending.”

For example:

Hablar

The first person present tense conjugation is hablo.

Hablar is an “ar” verb, so we cut off the ending and add the opposite present tense “er/ir” tú ending (-es).

hablo -> habl- -> + es = hables

No hables inglés. = Don’t speak English.

Let’s try another one.

Comer

The first person present tense conjugation is como.

Comer is an “er” verb, so we cut off the ending and add the opposite present tense “ar” tú ending (-as).

como -> com- -> +as = comas

No comas el dulce. = Don’t eat the candy.

Note: This process works for irregular verbs too.

Decir

The first person presnet tense conjugation is digo.

Take off the ending and add the opposite tú “ar”ending (-as).

digo -> dig- -> digas

No digas mentiras. = Don’t tell lies.

Venir

The first person present tense conjugation is vengo.

Take off the ending and add the opposite tú “ar”ending (-as).

vengo -> veng- -> vengas

No vengas mañana. = Don’t come tomorrow.

61
Q

Commands - Correct Pronoun Placement

A

Pattern: When giving commands, pronouns must be placed in certain positions in the sentence.

Affirmative Commands

Direct and indirect objects are attached to the command. An accent must be added to the verb to maintain the correct stress pronunciation. When direct and indirect objects are used together, the indirect always comes first.

Examples:

Come la manzana. ¡Cómela! = Eat the apple. Eat it!

¡Dámela! = Give it to me! (the apple)

Negative Commands

For negative commands, the pronouns are put before the verb. Again, the indirect object pronoun comes before the direct object pronoun.

Examples:

No me hables. = Don’t talk to me.

No se lo digas. = Don’t tell it to her. (referring to el secreto)

62
Q

el beisbol

A

the baseball

63
Q

el baloncesto

A

the basketball

64
Q

el tenis

A

the tennis

65
Q

el voleibol

A

the volleyball

66
Q

el futbol

A

the soccer

67
Q

el futbol americano

A

the football

68
Q

la bola

A

the small ball

69
Q

la pelota

A

the ball

70
Q

el bate

A

the baseball bat

71
Q

la cancha

A

the court

72
Q

el campo

A

the field

73
Q

el guante

A

the glove

74
Q

el casco

A

the helmet

75
Q

la raqueta

A

the racket

76
Q

los patines

A

the roller skates

77
Q

el estadio

A

the stadium

78
Q

el equipo

A

the team

79
Q

la pesa

A

the weight

80
Q

levantar pesas

A

to lift weights

81
Q

jugar

A

to play

82
Q

correr

A

to run

83
Q

bucear

A

to scuba dive

84
Q

andar en patineta

A

to skateboard

85
Q

esquiar

A

to ski

86
Q

hacer surfing

A

to surf

87
Q

nadar

A

to swim

88
Q

caminar

A

to walk

89
Q

andar

A

to walk (to go)

90
Q

esquiar en el agua

A

to water ski

91
Q

practicar deportes

A

to play sports

92
Q

Present Progressive with Object Pronouns

A

Present Progressive with Object Pronouns

Pattern: Objects pronouns can be placed in two different positions in the sentence when using the present progressive.

Pronoun Placement

  1. Object pronouns can be attached to the present participle. An accent mark needs to be added to maintain the proper syllable stress within the word. When direct and indirect object pronouns are used together, the indirect object pronoun goes first.

Examples:

Estoy comiendo una manzana. Estoy comiéndola. = I am eating an apple. I am eating it.

La maestra está enseñando una lección. La maestra está enseñándonosla. = The teacher is teaching a lesson. The teacher is teaching it to us.

  1. The object pronouns can also be placed before the conjugated estar. Again, when direct and indirect object pronouns are used together, the indirect object pronoun goes first.

Examples:

Estoy comiendo una manzana. La estoy comiendo. = I am eating an apple. I am eating it.

La maestra está enseñando una lección. La maestra nos la está enseñando. = The teacher is teaching a lesson. The teacher is teaching it to us.

Spanish flashcards (8 decks)

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