Spanish flashcards > :) > Flashcards
:) Flashcards
bueno
hello?
alo
hello?
diga
Hello?
se encuentra ____?
is ___ Here?
esta ____ alli?
is ____ There?
Podria Hablar con ____?
may i speak with ____?
Puedo hablar con___
can i speak with____?
Soy yo
its me.
el/ella no esta aqui
He/She is not here
el/ella no se encuentra
He/She is not here
Un momento por favor
One moment please.
Puedo dejar un mensaje
can i leave a message?
puedo tomar un mensaje
can i take a message?
Gracias por llamar
thanks for calling
discutir
to argue
molestar
bother
extranar
to miss someone
decir
to say
hablar
to talk
invitar
to invite
OBJECT PRONOUNS
OBJECT PRONOUNS
There are two types of object pronouns, direct and indirect. First, let’s deal with direct object pronouns.
Pattern: Direct object pronouns are used to replace a noun that receives the action of a verb. They must agree with the noun they replace in gender and number.
Direct Object Pronouns
Direct objects receive the action of a verb in a sentence.
For example:
John eats the apple. Carol buys the shoes.
As with other nouns, direct objects can be replaced with pronouns.
For example:
John eats it. Carol buys them.
Here are the same examples in Spanish:
John come la manzana. Carol compra los zapatos.
John la come. Carol los compra.
- Note: As you can see, the word order changes (the pronoun comes before the verb).
- Note: Object pronouns can also be attached to the end of infinitive verbs and gerunds:
Yo quiero verlo. I want to see him.
Yo estoy viéndolo. I am seeing him.
The Spanish direct object pronouns are:
me nos te os lo, la los, las - Notice that only 2 of the direct object pronouns in Spanish match gender: lo [la] and los [las]. Direct objects can be people as well. Just remember that the pronoun you use must match the person receiving the action, not the person performing it.
For example:
John hugs her. = John la abraza.
Jane kisses him. = Jane lo besa.
You call me. = Tú me llamas.
Pattern: Indirect object pronouns are used to replace a noun that receives the direct object.
Indirect Object Pronouns
Indirect objects receive the direct object of a sentence.
For example:
Paul gives flowers to Rachel. Jim buys pizza for Rob and Emilie.
In these examples, flowers and pizza receive the action of the sentences and are direct objects, but Rachel and Rob and Emilie are the indirect objects because they receive the flowers and pizza.
As usual, we can replace our nouns with pronouns. In this case we would say:
Paul gives flowers to her. Jim buys pizza for them.
Here are the same examples in Spanish:
Paul da flores a Rachel. Jim compra pizza para Rob y Emilie.
Paul le da flores. Jim les compra pizza.
Again, the word order has changed (pronouns before verbs).
The Spanish indirect object pronouns are:
me nos te os le les - Notice that none of the indirect object pronouns must match in gender.
All Together Now
It is perfectly acceptable to use both direct object pronouns and indirect object pronouns in the same sentence. From the previous example above, you could change
“Jim buys pizza for Rob and Emilie” to “Jim buys it for them.”
There are two rules to remember when you use both direct object pronouns and indirect object pronouns in Spanish.
Rule #1: Indirect object pronouns come before direct object pronouns.
Example:
Yo doy el dinero a ti.
Yo te lo doy.
In this example, el dinero is the direct object and is replaced with lo. We are replacing the indirect object with a pronoun as well (te). They both come before the verb, but remember to put the indirect object pronoun first!
Rule #2: If the indirect object pronoun is in 3rd person (either le or les), it must be changed to se if it is used with a direct object pronoun.
From the example above:
Jim compra pizza para Rob y Emilie.
Jim se la compra. (NOT Jim les la compra)
Lo, La, Los, Las
The normal order of sentence parts in Spanish is the same as in English:
Subject Verb Object She speaks Chinese Ella habla chino However, to say "She speaks it" (where the object is a pronoun), the Spanish sentence order changes to:
Subject Object Verb She it speaks Ella lo habla English Spanish She speaks Chinese. Ella habla chino. She speaks it. Ella lo habla (NOT * Ella habla lo ). He doesn't speak it. El no lo habla (NOT * El lo no habla ). She speaks Chinese and Spanish. Ella habla chino y español. She speaks them. Ella los habla (NOT * Ella habla los ). Translate Orally From and Into Spanish
English Spanish They sing a funeral song. Ellos cantan un canto fúnebre. They sing it more or less well. Lo cantan más o menos bien. They sing hymns, too. Cantan himnos también. They sing them very well. Los cantan muy bien. She drinks milk. Ella toma leche. She drinks it a lot. La toma mucho. He doesn't speak Chinese. El no habla chino. No, he doesn't speak it. No, no lo habla. Focus 2
Lo, La, Los, Las with a Verb in the Infinitive
When you use the “to-form” (the infinitive form) of the verb ( tomar / hablar / cantar etc.), the order of sentence parts is the same in Spanish and English, even when the object is a pronoun. However, in this case (where the object is a pronoun), the verb and object are combined in one word.
Verb
Object
To drink
the juice
Tomar
el jugo
To drink
it
Tomar
lo (verb and object are combined to make Tomarlo)
English
Spanish
To drink the juice.
Tomar el jugo.
To drink it.
Tomarlo (NOT * Lo tomar ).
To drink the milk.
Tomar la leche.
To drink it.
Tomarla (NOT * La tomar ).
To speak Spanish and Chinese.
Hablar español y chino.
To speak them.
Hablarlos (NOT * Los hablar ).
Translate Orally From and Into Spanish
English Spanish What is it that he drinks? ¿Qué es lo que él toma? He drinks milk. He drinks it a lot. El toma leche. La toma mucho. He likes to drink it. Le gusta tomarla. It's prohibited to drink it here. Está prohibido tomarla aquí. She doesn't eat the meat. Ella no come la carne. She doesn't like to eat it. No le gusta comerla. She speaks French. Ella habla francés. It's prohibited to speak it in the palace. Está prohibido hablarlo en el palacio. She likes to speak it with the prince. Le gusta hablarlo con el príncipe.
norte
north
sur
south
este
east
oeste
west
alli
there
aqui
here
a la derecha
to the right
a la izquierda
to the left
arriba
up
abajo
down
cerca
near
lejos
far
desde
from, since
hasta
until
derecho
straight (ahead)
la esquina
the corner
la direccione
the address
el mapa
map
la cuadra
the city block
la milla
the mile
el kilometer
kilometer
dublar
to turn
cruzar
cross
caminar
to walk
seguir
to continue/to follow
manejar
to drive
Como llego a ____ ?
how do i get to _____?
puede usted decirme donde queda _____ ?
can you tell me where ____ is?
queda lejos?
is it far?
Positive tú commands
Pattern: The majority of positive tú commands are taken from the 3rd person singular present tense indicative form of the verb in question. There are eight irregular forms that must simply be memorized.
Positive tú commands
The majority of positive tú commands are taken from the 3rd person singular present tense indicative form of the verb in question. In other words, use the el/ella/usted present tense form to make commands.
For example:
¡Corre! Run! (hurry up)
Compra pan y leche. Buy bread and milk.
Habla mas despacio por favor. Speak more slowly please.
There are eight common verbs with irregular tú commands. Here is the list with examples:
Infinitive Tú command Example
decir di Dime la verdad. Tell me the truth.
hacer haz Haz lo que quieras. Do whatever you want.
ir ve Vete. Go away.
poner pon Ponte la chaqueta. Put your jacket on.
salir sal Sal ahorita. Leave right now.
ser sé Sé bueno. Be good.
tener ten Ten cuidado. Be careful.(literally: have care)
venir ven Ven acá. Come here.
