More Biological Molecules

Question 1

mRNA

Answer 1

Messenger RNA, encodes amino acid sequence of a polypeptide

Question 2

tRNA

Answer 2

Transfer RNA, brings amino acids to ribosomes during translation

Question 3

rRNA

Answer 3

Ribosomal RNA, with ribosomal proteins, makes up the ribosomes, the organelles that translate the mRNA.

Question 4

RNA main function

Answer 4

Transfer genetic information from DNA to ribosomes where ribosomes read RNA to make polypeptides in translation

Question 5

Nucleotide structure

Answer 5

Pentode sugar
Nitrogen containing base
Phosphate group

Question 6

Bond between nucleotides

Answer 6

Phosphodiester

Question 7

Hydrogen bonds between A and T

Answer 7

2

Question 8

Hydrogen bonds between C and G

Answer 8

3

Question 9

Bond between sugar and phosphate

Answer 9

Ester bond

Question 10

DNA and RNA difference

Answer 10

RNA is single stranded, a smaller molecule and has no base pairing

Question 11

Sugar phosphate backbone

Answer 11

Chain of sugars and phosphates

Question 12

DNA replication

Answer 12

DNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds in polynucleotide strands making it unwind
Each single strand acts as template for new strand. Complementary base pairing means free floating DNA nucleotides are attracted to complementary exposed base pair
Condensation joins nucleotides of the new strands catalysed by DNA polymerase

Question 13

Water structure

Answer 13

Slightly positive and slightly negative

Slightly negative oxygen attract slightly positive hydrogen, hydrogen bonding

Question 14

High latent of vaporisation

Answer 14

Takes a lot of energy to break hydrogen bonds between water molecules, a lot of energy used when water evaporates
Used to cool down

Question 15

Good solvent

Answer 15

Slightly positive and negative will attract positive and negative ions surrounding it and dissolving it

Question 16

Strong cohesion

Answer 16

Attraction between molecules of same type
Helps water to flow and means high surface tension when in contact with air
So droplets form and evaporate to to cool skin

Question 17

ATP structure

Answer 17

Adenine combined with ribose sugar and 3 phosphate groups

Question 18

ATP being used

Answer 18

Broken down into ADP and Pi in hydrolysis reaction. Phosphate Bond broken and energy released catalysed by ATP hydrolyse
Re-synthesised between ADP and Pi

Question 19

Iron Ions

Answer 19

Haemoglobin is large protein that carries oxygen around body in red blood cells
Fe2+ binds to oxygen in haemoglobin and becomes Fe3+ until oxygen released

Question 20

Hydrogen ions

Answer 20

pH calculated based on concerntration of H+ ions

Question 21

Sodium ions

Answer 21

A molecule of glucose or an amino acid can be transported into a cell alongside sodium ions in co-transport

Question 22

Phosphate ions

Answer 22

Bonds between phosphate groups that store energy in ATP

Phosphates in DNA and RNA allow nucleotides to join up to form polynucleotides