DNA RNA And Protein Synthesis

Question 1

What’s the dna molecules wound around

Answer 1

Histones (help support DNA)

Question 2

Eukaryotic DNA

Answer 2

Contain linear DNA molecules existing as chromosomes

Wound around histones to fit in nucleus (cooled tightly to make compact)

Question 3

Prokaryotic DNA

Answer 3

DNA molecules short and circular
Not wound around histones
Free floating in cytoplasm
Condenses by supercoiling

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

A sequence of DNA bases that codes for either a polypeptide or functional RNA

Question 5

Genome

Answer 5

Complete set of genes in the cell

Question 6

Proteome

Answer 6

Full range of proteins that the cell is able to produce

Question 7

Intron

Answer 7

Section of gene that codes for polypeptide that doesn’t code for amino acids
Removed during protein synthesis

Question 8

Exon

Answer 8

All the bits that do code for amino acids

Question 9

Allele

Answer 9

Different forms of a gene

Question 10

mRNA

Answer 10

Made during transcription
Carries genetic code from DNA to ribosomes where used to make protein during translation
Single strand polynucleotide

Question 11

tRNA

Answer 11

Involved in translation
Carries amino acids that used to make proteins to ribosomes
Single polynucleotide strand that’s folded into clover shape due to hydrogen bonds
Has specific base sequence at one end called anticodon
Have amino acid binding site

Question 12

Transcription

Answer 12

RNA polymerase attaches to double helix
Hydrogen bonds between double helix break by hydrolysis (uncoils)
RNA lines up free RNA nucleotides with exposed bases on template
Complementary strands on DNA joined to RNA nucleotides by condensation in presence of RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase moves along DNA separting strands and assembling mRNA strand
Hydrogen bonds reform once RNA polymerase passed
RNA detaches when teaches stop signal

Question 13

Splicing

Answer 13

When introns are removed and functional exons are joined together

Question 14

Translation

Answer 14

mRNA attaches to ribosome snd tRNA molecules carry amino acid to it (ATP provides energy for hydrogen bond between tRNA and amino acid)
tRNA carrying amino acid with anticodon complementary to first codon attaches to mRNA
Second molecule attaches and the 2 amino acids joined by peptide bond and first codon moves away

Question 15

Meiosis

Answer 15

DNA unravels and replicated to form chromatids
DNA condenses to form double armed chromosomes and nuclear envelop breaks down
Spindle fibres form and chromosomes arrange in homologous pairs
Spindle fibres contract pulling chromosomes to opposite poles
Nuclear envelope form 2 diploid daughter cells

Question 16

Meiosis 2

Answer 16

Chromosomes condense so more visible
Spindle fibres form and chromosomes align
Spindle contact pulling sister chromatids to opposite poles
Nuclear envelope firms producing 4 haploid cells

Question 17

Genetic diversity

Answer 17

The number of different alleles of genes in a species or population