moral judgement

Question 1

what are deontological theories and issue with it

Answer 1

good actions follow certain moral rules
- an absolutist approach, some judgements always good or bad

Question 2

what are consequentialist theories

Answer 2

focus on the consequences of an action
- utilitarianism
- BUT no space for morals and rules

Question 3

what are deonotoligical ethics

Answer 3

about following moral principles, prioritizing the inherent morality of actions over their outcomes

Question 4

what is stage 1 called in the stages of moral development

Answer 4

pre conventional- based on punishement and rewards
- avoiding punishment
- gaining rewards

Question 5

what is stage 2 called in the stages of moral development

Answer 5

conventional
- gaining approval of others
- respecting authority and maintaining social order

Question 6

what is stage 3 called in the stages of moral development

Answer 6

post conventional
- general moral principles promoting welfare and individual rights
- abstract moral principles of justice and equality

Question 7

what did Lawrence Kohlberg say about moral judgement

Answer 7

its driven by moral reasoning, which develops with social learning and cogntive ability

Question 8

whats the dual process theory

Answer 8

two different levels of information processing

Question 9

what are some components of your information processing system (1)

Answer 9

• fast
• intuitive
• low effort
• linked to emotion
• automatic
• evolutionarily old
• large capacity

Question 10

what are some components of your information processing system (2)

Answer 10

• slow
• rational
• high effort
• detached from emotion
• controlled
• evoultionarily new
• small capacity

Question 11

what did the switch bridge case study show

Answer 11

• prefrontal cortex (reasoned decision making) and amygdala (emotional decision making) both involved in moral decisions

Question 12

what is the social intuitionist model (SIM)

Answer 12

a type of dual process theory that involves the idea that most moral judgement is driven by emotion and intuition

Question 13

what is moral dumbfounding

Answer 13

when a person has a strong moral reaction to something but cannot logically explain why they believe it is right or wrong.
- cant give a justification for their decision

Question 14

where does the influence of disgust come from in moral judgements

Answer 14

physical disgust evolved as a disease avoidance mechanism

Question 15

carol gilligan says Kohlberg theory is androcentric, what does this mean

Answer 15

• means centered around or focused on men
• the stages are a masculine perspective on morality

Question 16

what does richard shweder describe kohlberg;s theory as

Answer 16

• a western liberal social and political ideology

Question 17

list some points carol gilligan says about kohlbergs stage theory

Answer 17

• pre occupied with male values
• the studies were mostly conducted on young american men
• adult women tended to perform ‘worse’
• male participants tended to be closer to stage 4 (law and order)
• ## female part. to stage 3 (good child)

Question 18

what did Gilligan argue about women

Answer 18

that they tend to emphasise empathy and compassion

Question 19

what are some points shweder said on kohlbers stage theory

Answer 19

• participants young american men and often well educated and middle class
• people from more collectivist cultures or with lower socioeconomic status tended to perform worse

Question 20

what did richard shweder identify

Answer 20

three ‘moral languages’
- ethnic of autonomy
- ethnic of community
- ethic of divinity

Question 21

what do WEIRD samples refer to

Answer 21

• western
• educated
• industrialised
• rich
• democratic
• critiised because they dont represent the global population

Question 22

what are 2 examples of the moral foundations theory

Answer 22

• individualising (concerns about individuals)
• binding (concerns about groups)

Question 23

what does nativism mean

Answer 23

the certain knowledge, traits, abilities are innate, rather than learned through culture/ environment

Question 24

what does pluralism mean

Answer 24

coexistence of diverse beliefs, values, perspectives within a society, emphasises mutual respect

Question 25

what did the culture wars show

Answer 25

conflicts between groups with differing beliefs, values and lifestyle
- challenges the tensions inherent in pluralism

Question 26

whats theory of dyadic morality

Answer 26

Dyadic Morality is a psychological theory proposing that moral judgments are fundamentally based on the perception of harm within a dyadic structure, involving a moral agent (causing harm) and a moral patient (suffering harm), even in situations where harm is implicit or imagined
-suggests that harm is the core principle underlying all moral reasoning,

Question 27

what did free recall task by Schein and Gray 2015 show aboyt dyadic morality

Answer 27

• they were asked to list an act that is morally wrong
• 90% of the violations were dyadic

Question 28

what 2 participants took part in the 2015 free recall task

Answer 28

liberals and conservatives