MORAL DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
_______ is a theory that focuses on how children
develop morality and moral reasoning. It suggests that moral development occurs in a series of six stages. The theory also suggests that moral
logic is primarily focused on seeking and maintaining justice.
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
American psychologist ___________ developed one of the best-known theories exploring some of these basic questions. His work modified and
expanded upon Jean Piaget’s previous work but was more centered on explaining how children develop moral reasoning.
Lawrence Kohlberg
Kohlberg based his theory on a series of ____________ presented to his
study subjects. Participants were also interviewed to determine the
reasoning behind their judgments in each scenario.
moral dilemmas
Stages/Levels of Moral Development (3)
Level 1. Preconventional Morality
Level 2. Conventional Morality
Level 3. Postconventional Morality
In recent years, ______________________ has been criticized as being Westerncentric with a bias toward men (he primarily used male research subjects)
and with having a narrow worldview based on upper-middle-class value
systems and perspectives.
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
is the earliest period of moral development. It lasts
until around the age of 9. At this age, children’s decisions are primarily
shaped by the expectations of adults and the consequences for breaking the
rules.
Preconventional morality
Two stages of Preconventional morality
Stage 1 (Obedience and Punishment)
Stage 2 (Individualism and Exchange)
The earliest stages of moral
development, __________ and _____________ are especially common in young
children, but adults are also capable of expressing this type of reasoning.
According to Kohlberg, people at this stage see rules as fixed and
absolute.7
stage 1 (obedience and punishment)
_____________ the rules is important because it is a way to avoid
punishment.
Obeying
At the _______ and ________ stage of moral development, children account for individual points
of view and judge actions based on how they serve individual needs. In the
Heinz dilemma, children argued that the best course of action was the choice
that best served Heinz’s needs. Reciprocity is possible at this point in moral
development, but only if it serves one’s own interests.
individualism and exchange
________ is marked by the acceptance of social
rules regarding what is good and moral. During this time, adolescents and
adults internalize the moral standards they have learned from their role
models and from society.
This period also focuses on the acceptance of authority and conforming to
the norms of the group.
Level 2. Conventional Morality
Often referred to as the “good boy-good girl” orientation, this stage of the interpersonal
relationship of moral development is focused on living up to social expectations and roles. 7 There is an emphasis on conformity, being “nice,” and consideration of how choices influence relationships.
Stage 3 (Developing Good Interpersonal Relationships)
This stage is focused on ensuring
that social order is maintained. At this stage of moral development, people begin to consider society as a whole when making judgments. The focus is on maintaining law and order by following the rules, doing one’s duty, and respecting authority.
Stage 4 (Maintaining Social Order)
This stage is focused on ensuring
that social order is maintained. At this stage of moral development, people begin to consider society as a whole when making judgments. The focus is on maintaining law and order by following the rules, doing one’s duty, and respecting authority.
Stage 4 (Maintaining Social Order)
This stage is focused on ensuring
that social order is maintained. At this stage of moral development, people begin to consider society as a whole when making judgments. The focus is on maintaining law and order by following the rules, doing one’s duty, and respecting authority.
Stage 4 (Maintaining Social Order)
