COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORIES

Question 1

A Swiss psychologist known for his work on child
development.

Answer 1

Jean Piaget

Question 2

Piaget’s theory of cognitive
development and epistemological view are
together called

Answer 2

genetic epistemology

Question 3

placed great importance on the education of
children.

Answer 3

Piaget

Question 4

‘developmental theory of
knowledge’ is a study of the origins (genesis) of knowledge
(epistemology)

Answer 4

Genetic epistemology

Question 5

Piaget was born in Switzerland in the late _____
and was a precocious (advanced/bright/gifted)
student, publishing his first scientific paper when
he was __ years old.

Answer 5

1800S, 11

Question 6

His early exposure to the intellectual
development of children came when he worked
as an assistant to Alfred Binet and Theodore
Simon as they worked to standardize their
famous ________.

Answer 6

IQ Test

Question 7

Much of Piaget’s interest in the cognitive
development of children was inspired by his
observations of his own ______ and _______

Answer 7

nephew, daughter

Question 8

“Children’s minds were not merely smaller
versions of adult minds.”

Answer 8

Jean Piaget

Question 9

was one of the first to identify that the way
that children think is different from the way
adults think.

Answer 9

Jean Piaget

Question 10

is something that grows and
develops through a series of stages

Answer 10

Intelligence

Question 11

is a blueprint
that describes the stages of normal intellectual
development, from infancy through adulthood.

Answer 11

Piaget stages of development

Question 12

Birth through about 2 years.

Answer 12

Sensorimotor Stage

Question 13

Ages 2 through 7.

Answer 13

Preoperational Stage:

Question 14

Ages 7 through 11

Answer 14

Concrete Operational Stage:

Question 15

Ages 11 and older.

Answer 15

Formal Operational Stage:

Question 16

Piaget acknowledged that some children may pass through the stages at different ages than the averages noted above and that some children may show characteristics of more than one stage at a given time. But he insisted that ________________ always follows this sequence, that stages cannot be skipped, and that each stage is marked by new intellectual abilities and a more complex understanding of the world.

Answer 16

Cognitive development

Question 17

During the early stages, infants are only aware of
what is immediately in front of them. They focus
on what they see, what they are doing, and
physical interactions with their immediate
environment.

Because they don’t yet know how things react,
they’re constantly experimenting with activities
such as shaking or throwing things, putting things
in their mouths, and learning about the world
through trial and error. The later stages include
goal-oriented behavior which brings about a
desired result.

Answer 17

Sensorimotor Stage

Question 18

Between ages 7 and 9 months, infants begin to
realize that an object exists even if it can no
longer be seen. This important milestone known as _____________ is a sign that
memory is developing.

Answer 18

object permanence

Question 19

After infants start crawling, standing, and
walking, their increased physical mobility leads to
increased cognitive development. Near the end
of the sensorimotor stage (18-24 months),
infants reach another important milestone, early ____________, a sign that they are
developing some symbolic abilities.

Answer 19

language development

Question 20

During this stage (toddler through age 7), young
children are able to think about things
symbolically. Their language use becomes more
mature. They also develop memory and
imagination, which allows them to understand
the difference between past and future, and
engage in make-believe.

Answer 20

Pre-operational Stage

Question 21

(pre-operational stage)
But their thinking is based on ________ and
still not completely logical. They cannot yet
grasp more complex concepts such as
cause and effect, time, and comparison.

Answer 21

intuition

Question 22

At this time, elementary-age and preadolescent
children – ages 7 to 11 – demonstrate logical,
concrete reasoning.

Children’s thinking becomes less egocentric and
they are increasingly aware of external events.
They begin to realize that one’s own thoughts and
feelings are unique and may not be shared by
others or may not even be part of reality.

■ During this stage, however, most children still
can’t think abstractly or hypothetically.

Answer 22

Concrete Operational Stage

Question 23

Adolescents who reach this fourth stage of
intellectual development – usually at age 11-plus –
are able to logically use symbols related to abstract
concepts, such as algebra and science. They can
think about multiple variables in systematic ways,
formulate hypotheses, and consider possibilities.
They also can ponder abstract relationships and
concepts such as justice.

Although Piaget believed in lifelong intellectual
development, he insisted that the formal operational
stage is the final stage of cognitive development, and
that continued intellectual development in adults
depends on the accumulation of knowledge.

Answer 23

Formal Operational Stage

Question 24

Basic Cognitive Concepts
Used by Piaget (4)

Answer 24

SCHEMA -
ASSIMILATION
ACCOMODATION
EQUILIBRATION

Question 25

– refers to the cognitive structures by which
individuals intellectually adapt to and organize their
environment.

An individual’s way to understand or create meaning about
a thing or experience.

Answer 25

SCHEMA

Question 26

process of fitting a new experience into an
existing or previously created cognitive structure or
schema; to learn and comprehend

Answer 26

ASSIMILATION

Question 27

process of creating a new schema

Answer 27

ACCOMMODATION

Question 28

achieving proper balance between
assimilation and accommodation.

Answer 28

EQUILIBRATION

Question 29

“Sometimes while you are so passionately busy building,
there will be others as busy destroying. Do not stop. One
day you will notice how high above you get, and how
down below they end up”

Answer 29

― Sameh Elsayed

Question 30

• a Russian Psychologist

Answer 30

Lev Vygotsky

Question 31

• Children’s thinking is affected by their knowledge of the social community
• Social interaction mediated through language, is a key factor in the child’s development.
• From the child’s interaction with others, concepts and social behavior are formed (social level), and he/she thinks internally

Answer 31

VYGOTSKY’S Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development

Question 32

anyone who has a higher skill level than the learner
in terms of the specific task to perform

Answer 32

More Knowledgeable Others (MKO)

Question 33

through _______, human cognitive development and higher mental functions are initiated from social interactions

Answer 33

language

Question 34

STAGES of Speech Development (3)

Answer 34

-SOCIAL OR EXTERNAL SPEECH
-EGOCENTRIC SPEECH
-INNER SPEECH

Question 35

• Thinking not related to speech
• Thinking in the form of images, emotions

Answer 35

Social or External Speech

Question 36

Thinking out loud
* Talking to oneself

Answer 36

Egocentric speech

Question 37

Speech internalized
* Speech guides
thinking, behavior

Answer 37

Inner speech

Question 38

the provision of cues, clues,
modelling, and demonstrations of the MKO

Answer 38

scaffolding

Question 39

• One of the most influential French psychologists and
  scientists, is known for his extensive research related to the
  mental capacity of humans.
• He revolutionized the fields of education and psychology,
  especially in regard to intelligence testing.
• He believed that intelligence was complex and could not be
  fully captured by a single quantitative measure. He also
  believed that intelligence was not fixed.
• To identify children who needed additional academic
  assistance

Answer 39

ALFRED BINET’S Theory of Intelligence

Question 40

Measures the intelligence and cognitive abilities
of persons with age ranging 2 to 85 years old.
* For diagnosing developmental disabilities,
assessing children in the early childhood stage,
helps to plan for later career development.

Answer 40

Stanford-Binet Intellignece Scale (SB5)

Question 41

• First psychologist to use mathematical models in
  application to analysis and interpretation of complexities of
  the human mind.
• He started the General Ability Factor (g-Factor) Theory and
  the Spearman-brown prophecy formula.

Answer 41

Charles Spearman’s General Intelligence Theory

Question 42

Five components of general intelligence

Answer 42

• working memory
• visual-spatial processing
• fluid reasoning
• knowledge
• quantitative reasoning

Question 43

An American developmental psychologist
- Author of different books about MI
- Intelligence is set by skills that makes a person
possible to solve problems in their life. This
refers to the ways and intelligence of a person
uses in acquiring certain information

Answer 43

HOWARD GARDNER’S Multiple Intelligences

Question 44

Types of multiple intelligence (9)

Answer 44

1. Naturalist (nature smart)
2. Musical (sound smart)
3. Logical – Mathematical
4. Existential (life smart)
5. Interpersonal (people smart)
6. Bodily – Kinesthetic (body smart)
7. Linguistic (word smart)
8. Intrapersonal (self-mart)
9. Spatial (picture smart)

Question 45

BEHAVIORAL LEARNING THEORIES (3)

Answer 45

1. IVAN PAVLOV’S CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
2. EDWARD THORNDIKE’S CONNECTIONISM
3. FREDERIC SKINNER’S OPERANT CONDITIONING

Question 46

PSYCHOSOCIAL AND MORAL DEVELOPMENT LEARNING THEORIES (2)

Answer 46

1. ERIK ERIKSON’S PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY
2. KOHLBERG’S MORAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY