Mood Disorders Flashcards

Depression Mania Bipolar

1
Q

Risk factors for depression

A

Female
Past history of depression
Significant physical illness
Other mental health problems
Social issues

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2
Q

Tests for differentials of depression

A

Thyroid function test
Brain imaging
FBC
Metabolic panal

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3
Q

Organic differentials of depression

A

Neurological - dementia, parkinsons, MS
Endocrine - thyroid dysfunction
Drugs - alcohol, steroids, beta-blockers, benzos, methyldopa, isotretinoin
Diabetes and obstructive sleep apnoea
Neoplasms and cancer

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4
Q

Psychiatric differentials of depression

A

Bipolar
Schizophrenia
Dementia
SAD
Bereavement
Anxiety

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5
Q

Management of low depression

A

CBT is a first line psychological therapy

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6
Q

Management of moderate to severe depression

A

Psychological therapy in conjunction with a medication

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7
Q

First line drug for depression

A

SSRI such as Sertraline

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8
Q

How long should a patient continue on an antidepressant after remission

A

6 months

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9
Q

What is added if antidepressants do not work

A

Augmented with lithium

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10
Q

When is ECT recommended

A

For severe depressive episodes which are life-threatening or require a rapid response

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11
Q

What is the first line antidepressant in children

A

Fluoxetine

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12
Q

Diagnostic criteria for depression

A

Depressed mood for nearly every day
Decreased interest or pleasure (anedonia)
Significant weight change or change in appetite
Change in sleep (insomnia or hypersomnia)
Change in acivity
Fatigue
Guilt/worthlessness
Concentration diminished
Suicidality
5/9 features for nearly every day for 2 weeks or longer

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13
Q

What is bipolar affective disorder

A

Characterised by periods of depression and mania

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14
Q

Aetiology of bipolar

A

Thought to be genetic components and triggers for episodes

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15
Q

Signs of manic episodes

A

Elevated mood and irritability, impulsive and dangerous decisions with little thought for consequences. need for sleep often reduced, Pressured speech and exhibit flight of ideas, mood congruent delusions. Psychomotor agitation, easily distracted, elevated self-esteem.

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16
Q

Signs of depressive episodes

A

Withdrawn and tearful, low mood, poor sleep, anhedonia, suicidal thoughts or attempts

17
Q

Definition of mania

A

Distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood. Episode must last at least a week.

18
Q

Definition of hypomania

A

Episode should not be severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functionning, or to necessitate hospitalisation, and there are no psychotic features

19
Q

Management of acute mania with agitation

A

IM therapy, either a neuroleptic or benzodiazepine

20
Q

Management of acute mania without agitation

A

Oral monotherapy can be attempted with an antipsychotic. Sedation and mood stabiliser lithium can be added if necessary

21
Q

Management of acute depression

A

Mood stabiliser and/or atypical antipsychotic with appropriate psychosocial support