Mood Disorders Flashcards
Define “anhedonia”
Loss of enjoyment and pleasure
Define “anergia”
Lack of energy
What is euthymia?
Normal mood
What is the difference between mood and affect?
Mood: patient’s description of their state (subjective)
Affect: how mood changes to surroundings (objective)
List general features of low mood
Low, miserable, unhappy
Reduced facial expression
Reduced eye contact
Furrowed brows
Limited gesturing and reactivity
Difficult to establish rapport
List features of speech in low mood
Reduced rate
Low volume
Reduced intonation (monotonous)
Increased latency
Limited content
List features of thought in low mood
Slow flow, ponderous
Negative, pessimism
Failure, guilt
Delusions
Hypochondriasis
List features of paranoia in low mood
Self-preferential thinking
Psychosis
Depression (increased sensitivity to criticism)
Hallucinations in low mood typically make someone depressed. True/False?
False
Typically, the hallucinations reflect a person’s depression rather than making them depressed
What aspect of insight is typically affected in low mood?
Attribution - patients blame experience on their sins, personal failings or weakness
How long should a depressive episode last to be classified as depression?
2 weeks
List criteria for diagnosing depression
2 of core features
- depressed mood
- loss of interest/pleasure
- decreased energy
Some additional features
- low confidence
- guilt
- suicidal thoughts
- diminished concentration
- sleep disturbance
- change in appetite
Moderate depression involves _ core features and _ additional features
Moderate depression involves 2 core features and 4 additional features
Severe depression involves _ core features and _ additional features
Moderate depression involves all core features and 5 additional features
DSM-10 classifies bipolar into 3 categories. Describe bipolar I
Meets criteria for mania at least once
Previous depressive or hypomanic episodes
DSM-10 classifies bipolar into 3 categories. Describe bipolar II
Current or past hypomanic episodes + current or past depressive episodes
Never met criteria for mania
DSM-10 classifies bipolar into 3 categories. Describe bipolar III
Hypomania following use of antidepressants
Which form of bipolar - I, II or III - is most common?
Bipolar II
Depression changes to bipolar disorder once you have a manic episode. True/False?
True
How long should an episode last to be classified as hypomania?
4 consecutive days
List features of hypomania
Restlessness/increased activity
Increased talkativeness
Easily distracted
Decreased need for sleep
Increased sexual energy
Recklessness, irresponsibility
How long should an episode last to be classified as mania?
1 week
List distinguishing features (from hypomania) of mania
Racing thoughts
Loss of normal social inhibitions
Inappropriate behaviour
Inflated self-esteem
Sexual indiscretion
