Developmental Psychiatry

Question 1

What does ADHD stand for?

Answer 1

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 2

What is the diagnostic triad of ADHD?

Answer 2

Inattention
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity

Question 3

How would you describe a person with ADHD’s actions?

Answer 3

Essentially act before they think - impulsive and often later regret

Question 4

What impacts can ADHD have at school?

Answer 4

Barrier to learning
Frequently in trouble
Disorganised
Forgetful
Lose things

Question 5

Is ADHD more common in males or females?

Answer 5

Males

Question 6

List methods of diagnosing ADHD

Answer 6

Parent + school report
Questionnaires (Conners Rating, SDQ…)
Family history (genes)
Cognitive assessment

Question 7

Working memory in children with untreated ADHD resembles that of the memory of elderly with Alzheimer’s. True/False?

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Children can grow out of ADHD. True/False?

Answer 8

True
Some will as part of brain’s natural developmental process

Question 9

List some psychological therapies for ADHD

Answer 9

Parent training
Behavioural management
Social skills training
Sleep + diet review

Question 10

List 1st line drugs for ADHD

Answer 10

“stimulants”
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Dexamfetamine

Question 11

List 2nd line drug for ADHD

Answer 11

Atomoxetine (SNRI)

Question 12

List 3rd line drug classes for ADHD

Answer 12

Alpha agonist:

Clonidine
Guanfacine

Question 13

What is the aim/purpose of using stimulant drugs in ADHD?

Answer 13

Improve dopaminergic neurotransmission in networks involved in higher executive functioning

Question 14

What does ASD stand for?

Answer 14

Autism spectrum disorder

Question 15

List the impairments in autism

Answer 15

Social interaction
Language
Thought + behaviour disorder
Sensory difficulty

Question 16

Is autism more common in boys or girls?

Answer 16

Boys

Question 17

List some social interaction difficulties in autism

Answer 17

Difficulty establishing relationships
Lack of motivation for social approval
No interest in others’ needs
Little awareness of feelings of others

Question 18

List some language impairment in autism

Answer 18

Lack of speech
Difficulty using pronouns
Stress, pitch, rhythm may be odd
Difficulty interpreting non-verbal comm
Unresponsive/lack of feedback

Question 19

List some thought impairment in autism

Answer 19

Restricted, repetitive behaviour
Lack of imagination
Inflexible thoughts
Resistance to change

Question 20

List methods of diagnosing autism

Answer 20

Screening scales
Interviews (3di)
ADOS assessment

Question 21

What is the DSM criteria for diagnosing autism?

Answer 21

6 symptoms in total
2 symptoms of social interaction
1 symptoms of communication
1 symptom of behaviour
Early onset
Longstanding

Question 22

List pharmacological management of autism

Answer 22

Risperidone short-term
Methylphenidate (ADHD)
Melatonin (sleep)