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3MB Psychiatry > Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

List psychological symptoms of anxiety disorders

A

Worry/panic
Fear of going mad/dying
Concentration problems
Racing thoughts
Hypervigilance
Inability to relax

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2
Q

Anxiety is a normal state. True/False?

A

True
Causes issues when daily living is affected, however

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3
Q

List physical symptoms of anxiety disorders

A

Palpitations
Sweating
Tremor
Dizziness
Muscle tension
Numbness/tingling
Lump in throat, dysphagia
Chest pain/tightness
Nausea, vomiting, butterflies

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4
Q

What is globus hystericus?

A

Experience of not being able to swallow or eat, typically associated with anxiety

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5
Q

How does the amygdala aid in our aversive/defensive psychosystem?

A

Processes information about potential threat before we have even seen it

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6
Q

Describe Pavlovian conditioning

A

Associating neutral stimulus with a particular response by presenting it in turn with another stimulus that provokes that particular response

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7
Q

Describe generalised anxiety disorder

A

Excessive persistent worrying that is not restricted to particular circumstances
(lasting a few months)

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8
Q

Describe panic disorder

A

Recurrent “panic attacks” (episodes of severe, unpredictable anxiety)

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9
Q

How long does a panic attack last to be classified as a panic attack?

A

Peaks within 10 minutes
Lasts up to 45 mins

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10
Q

Describe social anxiety disorder

A

Persistent unreasonable fear of being observed or evaluated negatively by other people

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11
Q

What is acrophobia?

A

Fear of heights

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12
Q

What is claustrophobia?

A

Fear of small spaces

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13
Q

What is belenophobia?

A

Fear of injections

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14
Q

What is post-traumatic stress disorder?

A

Anxiety developed on the back of exposure to traumatic situations

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15
Q

If someone predominately suffers from a traumatic past with flashbacks, what is the condition to look for?

A

PTSD

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16
Q

If someone predominately suffers from compulsions and persistent ideas, what is the condition to look for?

A

Obsessive compulsive disorder

17
Q

If someone predominately suffers from uncontrollable worry about several things at once, what is the condition to look for?

A

Generalised anxiety disorder

18
Q

If someone predominately suffers from fear of social scrutiny, what is the condition to look for?

A

Social phobia

19
Q

What is the main aim of psychological/behavioural therapy when tackling anxiety disorders?

A

To understand conditioning and attempt to undo previous learning

20
Q

What is the difference between graded exposure/sensitisation and flooding approach in psychological therapy for anxiety?

A

Graded: slow counter-conditioning involving build-up of coping mechanisms against feared stimuli
Flooding: full exposure to feared stimulus + staying with it until fear reduces

21
Q

Describe the cognitive triangle

A

Thoughts create emotions
Emotions influence behaviour
Behaviour reinforces thoughts

22
Q

List the medication used for PTSD

A

Limited evidence for drug treatment
SSRIs

23
Q

List psychological therapy used for PTSD

A

CBT
EMDR

24
Q

List the medication used for OCD

A

SSRIs
Antipsychotics
Anticonvulsants

25
Q

List psychological therapy used for OCD

A

Exposure and response prevention
CBT

26
Q

What is the first line treatment for OCD?

A

Exposure and response prevention

27
Q

The obsessions in OCD are usually desired and associated with relief. True/False?

A

False
Usually unwanted, recurrent and intrusive
Distressing and associated with anxiety

28
Q

The compulsions in OCD usually lead to reduced anxiety. True/False?

A

True
Resistance to compulsion leads to heightened anxiety

29
Q

OCD is familial. True/False?

A

True

30
Q

What is the mean age of onset of OCD?

A

20 years old

31
Q

List some clinical features of OCD

A

Preoccupied with rules, lists, schedules
Perfectionism
Inflexibility of thought
Controlling

32
Q

List 3 main proposed aetiology for OCD

A

Genetics (twins)
B-haemolytic Strep infection + autoantibodies to basal ganglia
Increased blood flow in orbitofrontal cortex, caudate nucleus and cingulate cortex

33
Q

Which psychiatric medication is usually used in OCD?

A

SSRI

34
Q

List the 3 main domains of dysfunctional belief that occur in OCD

A

Increased sense of responsibility
Placing importance on controlling intrusive thoughts
Perfectionism + intolerance of uncertainty

35
Q

What does exposure and response prevention in OCD involve?

A

Exposure to obsessive stimulus whilst employing strict prevention of compulsion, aiming to lessen distress associated with the stimulus

36
Q

List 5 screening questions you may ask to probe about OCD

A

Do you wash/clean a lot?
Do you check things a lot?
Is there any thought that persistently bothers you?
Does it take you a long time to finish things?
Are you concerned with orderliness/symmetry?

37
Q

Drug treatments for GAD?

A

SSRIs
SNRIs
Pregabalin (anticonvulsant)
Benzodiazepines for short term acute relief

3MB Psychiatry (17 decks)

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