Mood disorders Flashcards
What does affect, emotions and mood mean?
Affect = a broad range of feelings that people experience can be experienced in the form of emotions or moods
Emotions = caused by specific event - Brief in duration - Specific in nature (anger, fear) - Usually accompanied by distinct facial expressions
Mood = cause is general and unclear
- Last longer than emotions
- Usually not indicated by facial expressions
What is a mood disorder?
= Mood state characterised by lowered mood, and loss of interest or pleasure in activities, Symptoms may be experienced from mild and transient to very severe
Key symptoms of a mood disorder?
- Anger, anxiety, blunted, sadness, feeling of worthlessness, hopelessness
- Self-blame, loss of motivation, poor concentration, self-destructive thoughts
- Wight change, sleep disturbance, headache, fatigue, chest pain
- Social isolation, alcohol use, agitation, drug use, poor hygiene
How will a mood disorder affect a persons functioning?
- Difficulty continuing usual activities school, work, social, domestic activities
- Further lead them to major depression
- Loss of interest
What is bipolar disorder?
Bipolar I Disorder The person experiences one or more lifetime episodes of mania and usually episodes of depression. The severity and duration of episodes are often severe and may result in hospitalisation.
Bipolar II Disorder The person experiences episodes of both hypomania and depression but no manic episodes. The severity of the highs does not typically lead to hospitalisation.
Symptoms of Bipolar
- Irritability, lack of shame or guilt, weight loss
- Flight of ideas, lack of judgement
- Increased motor activity
- Sexual overactivity
What is anxiety?
= future orientated mood state associated with cognitive, physiological and behavioural reactions designed to reduce the level of perceived danger within a stimulating situation
- Affect ability to perform and can be severely disabling
How does anxiety impair functioning and quality of life?
- Disrupts the person’s daily life
- Behavioural disturbance
- Causes significant distress
- Symptoms cannot be easily controlled or managed
Primary experience is panic?
- Unpredictable intense episodic surges of anxiety that occur in the form of a panic attack
- Intense physiological symptoms and sense of depersonalisation
- Fear of future panic attacks
What is a panic attack?
- Physiological anxiety symptoms
- Catastrophic thoughts as a result of the physiological symptoms
- Intense, uncontrollable anxiety or fear
- Panic attack reaches its peak of severity within approx. 10 mins
- Seem to occur out of the blue
What is Mania? And what are the symptoms?
= Mood state characterised by abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive orr irritable mood, increased activity and poor judgement.
Symptoms:
- High energy levels, Positive mood
- Irritability
- Inappropriate behaviour
- Creativity/heightened senses/ mystical experiences/ special connections
Do nurses support people with depression or anxiety?
= Nurses have a key role play in treatment and support of people experiencing disturbances in mood; especially in the areas of therapeutic engagement, biopsychosocial assessment, relapse prevention, provision of information, and encouraging self-management
Nursing approaches towards depression and mania
Physical state
- monitor dietary and fluid intake
- promote sleep
- assist with self care deflects
Behaviour
- monitor activities and social interactions
- prevent injury
Psychological state
- promote effective cognition and thought process
- promote self esteem and hope
What is the impact of understanding the experiences for nursing practice?
- Become familiar with the features of anxiety across the age span
- Never assume you know what is happening for the other person
- Develop systematic questions to inquire about nature, severity, duration, distress and any associated impairments
- Use the person’s own language when asking questions
- Use age-appropriate language
