1. promoting health and preventing illness across the lifespan Flashcards
What is well being?
o “Well-being can be described as judging life positively and feeling good” WHO
o Three aspects of psychological wellbeing:
o Evaluative wellbeing (or life satisfaction)
o Hedonic wellbeing (feelings of happiness, sadness)
o Eudemonic wellbeing (sense of purpose and meaning in life)
o Wellbeing is important to everyone
Benefits of wellbeing ?
- Optimism and positive emotions can reduce the risk of a heart attack by up to 50%
- Happier live longer
- Our expression of positive emotions such as happiness and optimism, influences the people we know
- wellbeing increases immunity to infection, lowers risk of some mental health problems and increases resilience
- Good for heart health
- More likely to be productive, studying, involved in social activities
wellbeing Relevance to nursing
- Nurses promote health and this relies on enhancing wellbeing
- Physical and mental health are entwined
- Nursing can be a stressful job - your wellbeing is crucial
What is mental health?
Mental health is a dynamic state (we all have mental health)
“a state of well-being in which every individual realises his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community.”
- emotional, psychological and social well being
- affects the way you think, feel and act
What is mental Illness?
- General term that refers to a group of illnesses
- A mental illness is a health problem that significantly affects how a person feels, thinks and behaves and interacts with other people.
- The diagnosis according to the classification systems of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
Importance of language?
- Language has power it can harm people and it can be used to create space for diverse experiences
- Language around mental health can diminish, isolate, over generalise or other human experiences
- Stigma is a significant issue for people who experience mental illness
What is the biopsychosocial model?
Biopsychosocial model = interdisciplinary model that looks at the interconnection between biology, psychology and social environment factors
- examines how these aspects play a role in health, disease models and human development
- The model presumes that it is important to consider these three factors together when understanding the managing health problems
What is the socio-ecological model
- Health is impacted on a number of different levels including individual, immediate environment, indirect environment and wider context
- This model considers the complex interplay between individual, relationship, community, and societal factors. It allows us to understand the range of factors that put people at risk for mental illness or protect them from experiencing mental illness
= prevention
How do the socio-ecological model and the biopsychological model overlap?
- Everyone has mental health - can fluctuate
- However, when your mental health illness is deterioration of your mental illness Lived condition
- Wellbeing is your overall way you live, health, social aspects
- These three concepts intersect and influence one another
What are the risk factors and protective factors of wellbeing?
- risk things that increase likelihood of illness or decrease health
- Protective things that enhance people ability to cope, reduce exposure to risk or lessen the impact of disadvantage
- Exists at levels of individual, family, community and structural
What do the models mean in the context of mental health and illness?
- Shows how peoples mental health and illness if not just from one singular factor however it is influenced by a range of factors and at a range of levels
- The Biopsychosocial model shows the biological, psychological and social factors in which influence a person’s mental health and wellbeing
- The socio-ecological model shows at which levels the person is impacted by and how prevention strategies need to be placed at each level to change a individual and communities mental health outcome.
What is a therapeutic relationship?
Therapeutic relationship is defined as “an interactive relationship with a patient and family that is caring, clear, boundaried, positive, and professional.
How can nurses use therapeutic relationships
Roles: therapeutic relationship with the patient, which includes effective communication and information-sharing, will assist the nurse in understanding the patient’s preferences regarding their environment, enabling them to feel safe and to trust in the care being provided.
Nursing role in thinking about mental health for all patients involved?
- Talking to the patients (patient centred)
- Validating their feelings
- Advocating
- Stablishing a relationship where they feel safe and cared for
- Treat each person as an individual - get to know them
- Therapeutic nurse patient relationship
What is the nurses role on an individual level
Advocate - empower - connect - collaborate
- relationship and communication
- Nurses require knowledge and skills to promote empowerment and resilience. Positive mental health comes from within and can be enhanced when patients are helped to acknowledge their internal and external resources (Ruddick 2008).
- Solution-focused approaches to communication can be learned and integrated into every nurse’s interaction so that there is a greater emphasis on what patients can do, rather than on their disability or illness.
- Focus on people’s preferred goals and personal resources, rather than becoming stuck in problem-based thinking. This can energize patients to make constructive decisions about the problems they encounter (O’Connell 2005).
- Individuals have significant personal responsibility for their own wellbeing. Much can be learned from patient-led initiatives that have considered ways of enhancing wellbeing in those recovering from mental health difficulties.
- Nursing relationships should be positive and enabling
