Monomers and polymers

Question 1

what are monomers?

Answer 1

small units from which large molecules are made

Question 2

what are polymers?

Answer 2

molecules made up from lots of REPEATING monomer units joined in a chain

Question 3

what is polymerisation?

Answer 3

the process when many repeating monomers bond to form a polymer

Question 4

what are macromolecules?

Answer 4

very large molecules (1000s of atoms)

Question 5

do macromolecules have low or high molecular mass?

Answer 5

high

Question 6

when is a non-polar covalent bond formed?

Answer 6

when the electrons are shared equally across a covalent bond

Question 7

when is a polar covalent bond formed?

Answer 7

when the electrons are shared unequally (when an atom is more electronegative)

Question 8

what is the result when 2 monomers are close enough that their outer orbitals overlap?

Answer 8

their electrons are shared and tf a covalent bond is formed

Question 9

what is a condensation reaction?

Answer 9

bonds are formed as water is removed

Question 10

what occurs in a condensation reaction?

Answer 10

monomers bond (with covalent bonds) to form polymers and water is removed

Question 11

what are the root words of hydrolysis?

Answer 11

lysis- to break hydro-with water

Question 12

what occurs in the hydrolysis reaction of polymers?

Answer 12

large molecules are broken into small molecules (covalent bonds are broken to form water)

Question 13

what covalent bonds do carbohydrates have?

Answer 13

glycosidic

Question 14

what covalent bonds do proteins have?

Answer 14

peptide

Question 15

what covalent bonds do lipids have?

Answer 15

ester

Question 16

what covalent bonds do nucleic acids have?

Answer 16

phosphodiester

Question 17

how are lipids an exception when talking about polymerisation?

Answer 17

lipid molecules are not polymers

Question 18

why are lipids an exception when talking about polymerisation?

Answer 18

each fatty acid joins to a glycerol tf not a repeating unit

Question 19

how are organic compounds classified as organic compounds?

Answer 19

if they have C and H

Question 20

examples of organic compounds expected to know

Answer 20

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

Question 21

what chemical elements do carbohydrates contain?

Answer 21

C H O

Question 22

what is the ratio of H:O in carbohydrates?

Answer 22

2:1

Question 23

what are the three types of carbohydrates?

Answer 23

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 24

what do hydrogen bonds join?

Answer 24

joins polar molecules together , stabilising larger structures