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2.1.2 Biological molecules > Molecular bonding > Flashcards

Molecular bonding Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a condensation reaction?

A

reaction that occurs when two molecules are joined together with the removal of water

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2
Q

what is hydrolysis reaction?

A

reaction that occurs when a molecule is split into two smaller molecules with the addition of water

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3
Q

what is a monomer?

A

a small molecule which binds to many other identical molecules to form a polymer

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4
Q

what is a polymer?

A

a large molecule made from many smaller molecules called monomers (think hundreds)

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5
Q

what does hydrolysis stand for?

A

water, splitting

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6
Q

what does a condensation reaction do in relation to bonding?

A

breaking and formation of covalent bonds

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7
Q

what is a dimer?

A

when two monomers join together

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8
Q

what are the main types of biological molecule necessary to function?

A

carbohydrates, proteins, water, nucleic acid, lipids

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9
Q

name 6 monosaccarides

A

glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose, sucrose, lactose

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10
Q

what is glycogen structurally?

A

polymer of glucose in animals

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11
Q

what is cellulose structurally?

A

polymer of glucose in plant cell wall

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12
Q

what is polymerisation?

A

the process on joining monomers together to make a polymer

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13
Q

what is starch structurally?

A

polymer of glucose in plants

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14
Q

what are macromolecules?

A

very large molecules

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15
Q

how many atoms do macromolecules have?

A

1000 or more (tf have a high molecular mass)

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16
Q

are macromolecules and polymers the same?

A

polymers can be macromolecules, however, not all macromolecules are polymers as the subunits of polymers have to be the same repeating units

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17
Q

what is a covalent bond?

A

the sharing of two or more electrons between two atoms

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18
Q

when is a non-polar bond formed?

A

if the electrons are shared equally (the electronegativities are equal)

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19
Q

when is a polar bond formed?

A

when the electronegatitvities

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20
Q

what are carbohydrates made up of?

A

C, H and O

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21
Q

what are proteins made up of?

A

C, H, O, N and S

22
Q

what are nuclei acids made up of?

A

C, H, O, N and P

23
Q

what are lipids made up of structurally?

A

triglyceride

24
Q

why are organic compounds very stable if they contain carbon atoms?

A

carbon atoms can form 4 covalent bonds (very strong tf require a large amount of energy)

25
Q

what can polymers can carbon atoms form?

A

straight chains, branched chains or rings

26
Q

what are the three types of carbohydrates?

A

monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides

27
Q

what are two types of nucleic acid?

A

rNA and DNA

28
Q

what is rNA?

A

ribonucleic acid

29
Q

what is DNA?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

30
Q

what is the difference between between rNA and DNA?

A

rNA- ribose
DNA- deoxyribose

31
Q

what will monosaccharides always taste like?

A

sweet

32
Q

what is a monosaccharide?

A

single sugar monomer (all reducing sugar)

33
Q

what is the general formula for monosaccharides?

A

CnH2nOn

34
Q

how to rememberer general formula of monosaccharides?

A

C and O same
H double

35
Q

in monosaccharides, what is n=3?

A

triose sugar (3 carbon)

36
Q

in monosaccharides, what is n=5?

A

pentose sugar (5 carbon)

37
Q

in monosaccharides, what is n=6?

A

hexose sugar (6 carbon)

38
Q

are monosaccharides soluble or insoluble?

A

soluble in water (which is polar) but not in non-polar solvents

39
Q

what is a monosaccharide function?

A

source of energy

40
Q

what is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

A

deoxyribose lost O at C2

41
Q

what is the formula of ribose?

A

C5H10O5

42
Q

what sugar is ribose?

A

pentose sugar

43
Q

what is the function of ribose?

A

component of rNA, ATP and NAD

44
Q

what is the formula of deoxyribose?

A

C5H10O4

45
Q

what sugar is deoxyribose?

A

pentose sugar (even though it lost O, no. of C remain the same)

46
Q

what is the function of deoxyribose?

A

component of DNA

47
Q

what is the monomer and polymer of carbohydrates?

A

monomer: monosaccharides
polymer: polysaccharides

48
Q

what is the monomer and polymer of proteins?

A

monomer: amnio acids
polymer: polypeptides and proteins

49
Q

what is the monomer and polymer of nucleic acids?

A

monomer: nucleotides
polymer: DNA and rNA

50
Q

why is water polar?

A

the O atom has a greater number of protons in its nucleus, tf attracts the pair of e- more than H atoms (h’s are delta + and O is delta -)

51
Q

what is a hydrogen bond?

A

weak interaction which happens whenever molecules contain partially negatively charged NOF atom bonded to partially positively charged hydrogen atom

52
Q

which is stronger, covalent or hydrogen bonding?

A

covalent

2.1.2 Biological molecules (6 decks)

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