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3.2 cells- Biology AQA a-level > Monoclonal Antibodies > Flashcards

Monoclonal Antibodies Flashcards

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1
Q

What are monoclonal antibodies?

A

Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibodies produced from a single clone of B cells, designed to target a specific antigen.

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2
Q

True or False: Monoclonal antibodies can be used in diagnostic tests.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: Monoclonal antibodies are produced by __________.

A

hybridomas

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4
Q

What is the main use of monoclonal antibodies in medicine?

A

They are used for targeted therapy in diseases such as cancer and autoimmune disorders.

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5
Q

Which cell type is fused with an immortal myeloma cell to produce monoclonal antibodies?

A

B lymphocytes

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a use of monoclonal antibodies? A) Cancer treatment B) Blood transfusions C) Pregnancy tests D) Targeted drug delivery

A

B) Blood transfusions

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7
Q

What is the process of creating monoclonal antibodies called?

A

Hybridoma technology

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8
Q

True or False: Monoclonal antibodies are specific to a single epitope on an antigen.

A

True

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9
Q

What type of immune response do monoclonal antibodies mimic?

A

The humoral immune response

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: Monoclonal antibodies can be labeled with __________ for imaging purposes.

A

radioisotopes

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11
Q

Short answer: Name one advantage of using monoclonal antibodies over polyclonal antibodies.

A

Monoclonal antibodies provide consistent and specific targeting of antigens.

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12
Q

What is the role of the myeloma cell in monoclonal antibody production?

A

It provides a continuous supply of antibodies by being immortal.

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13
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following diseases can be treated with monoclonal antibodies? A) HIV B) Influenza C) Cancer D) All of the above

A

C) Cancer

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14
Q

True or False: Monoclonal antibodies can only be produced in laboratories.

A

False

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15
Q

What is the significance of the ‘clonal’ aspect of monoclonal antibodies?

A

It indicates that all antibodies are derived from a single B cell clone, ensuring uniformity.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: Monoclonal antibodies can be used in __________ therapy to treat autoimmune diseases.

A

immunosuppressive

17
Q

Short answer: How do monoclonal antibodies assist in cancer treatment?

A

They can target and bind to specific cancer cells, marking them for destruction by the immune system.

18
Q

What is one way that monoclonal antibodies can be used in research?

A

To detect specific proteins or antigens in laboratory assays.

19
Q

True or False: Monoclonal antibodies can be engineered to deliver drugs directly to target cells.

A

True

20
Q

Fill in the blank: The first monoclonal antibody was produced in the year __________.

A

1975

21
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common method for producing monoclonal antibodies? A) PCR B) Cell culture C) Gene editing D) Electrophoresis

A

B) Cell culture

22
Q

What are the ethical considerations in the use of monoclonal antibodies?

A

Concerns include animal welfare in the production process and potential side effects in human treatments.

23
Q

Fill in the blank: Monoclonal antibodies can be used in __________ tests to confirm pregnancy.

A

immunoassay

24
Q

Short answer: Describe one limitation of monoclonal antibodies.

A

They can be expensive to produce and may have limited effectiveness against certain targets.

25
Q

True or False: Monoclonal antibodies can be used for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.

A

True

26
Q

What is an example of a monoclonal antibody used in cancer treatment?

A

Rituximab

27
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of the antibody that binds to the antigen.

A

variable region

28
Q

Multiple Choice: What does the term ‘monoclonal’ refer to? A) Many clones B) A single clone C) No clones D) Clones of different types

A

B) A single clone

29
Q

Short answer: What is the difference between monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies?

A

Monoclonal antibodies are identical and derived from one clone, while polyclonal antibodies are a mixture from different B cell clones.

3.2 cells- Biology AQA a-level (14 decks)

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