lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a lipid ?

A

fats, waxes and oils

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2
Q

what is the most common type of lipid ?

A

the triglyceride

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3
Q

what are lipids / triglycerides used for ?

A
  • for storage
  • high energy store
  • production of metabolic water
  • insulation
  • waterproofing
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4
Q

why can it be used for storage ?

A

they do not affect water potentials and osmosis as they are large and hydrophobic, making them insoluble in water so they can be stored in a compact way

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5
Q

why can it be used for a high energy store ?

A

lipids have a high proportion of hydrogen atoms relative to oxygen so respiration of lipids yields more energy

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6
Q

why can it be used for the production of metabolic water ?

A

because some water is produced as a final result of respiration
as the triglycerides can release water if they are oxidised

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7
Q

what are the 2 types of insulation lipids can be used for ?

A

mechanical insulation- prevents impact
- thermal insulation

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8
Q

what does it mean when a molecule is saturated ?

A

there is no double carbon to carbon bond
there are only single bonds between he carbons

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9
Q

what does it mean when a molecule is unsaturated ?

A

it contains at least one double carbon to carbon bond between the carbons

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10
Q

what is a lipid made out of ?

A

glycerol and fatty acid

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11
Q

what does a triglyceride contain ?

A

glycerol
3x fatty acids
3x ester bonds

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12
Q

on what does the properties of lipid depend upon?

A

the length of the fatty acid tails and the saturation

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13
Q

what are all lipids ?

A

insoluble in water

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14
Q

what is the test for a lipid ?

A

emulsion test
- lipid + water + ethanol + shake = cloudy white emulsion

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15
Q

where are phospholipids found in ?

A

in cell membranes

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16
Q

what do phospholipids contain ?

A

a phosphate group
glycerol
2 fatty acid tails

17
Q

How are lipid s made ?

A

the 2 fatty acids bonds to the glycerol via 2 condensation reactions resulting in 2 ester bonds

18
Q

at does hydrophilic mean ?

A

can make interactions with water

19
Q

how are triglycerides made ?

A

triglycerides are formed via the condensation between one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids
so 3 condensation reactions occur to get 3 fatty acids

20
Q

what is the R group ?

A

the R group are fatty acids which can be saturated or unsaturated

21
Q

what can the hydrophilic head of a phospholipid do ?

A

it can make interactions with water as it is charged so it repels other fats

22
Q

what is the fatty acid chain known as ? and why ?

A

known as the hydrophobic tail as it repels water but will mix with fats

23
Q

what is it called if the phospholipid has 2 charged regions ?

A

it means that it is polar

24
Q

how are the phospholipids positioned in water?

A

in water they are positioned so that he heads are exposed to water and the tails are not

25
Q

what kind of structure do the phospholipids form in water ?

A

they form a phospholipid bilayer membrane structure which makes up the plasma membrane around cells

26
Q

draw the structure of a glycerol molecule ?

A

notes

27
Q

draw the structure of a fatty acid

A

notes

28
Q

display how ester bonds are created in a triglyceride ?

A

notes

29
Q

what is the advantage of lipids having a relatively low mass ?

A
  • a lot can be stored without increasing the mass and preventing movement