Cancer

Question 1

what is the cell cycle controlled by ?

Answer 1

genes

Question 2

what will happen if a mutation occurs in a gene that controls cell division ?

Answer 2

the cell can divide out of control

Question 3

what are the names of 2 genes that cause uncontrolled cell division
?

Answer 3

• oncogenes
• tumour supressor genes

Question 4

what is the function of oncogenes ?

Answer 4

oncogenes control how quickly the cell cycle occurs

Question 5

what are malignant tumors?

Answer 5

a type of cancerous tumour that invades surrounding tissue

Question 6

what are the features of a benign tumor ?

Answer 6

• cells are slow growing
• cells are not mobile
• surrounded by a membrane

Question 7

what are the features of malignant (cancerous) tumors ?

Answer 7

• fast growing
  -has blood vessels
• cells can break away and form secondary tumours

Question 8

what can all tumors do ?

Answer 8

all tumors can damage tissues
- by putting pressure on tissues and organs (causing damage)
- blockages
- use up resources from the blood

Question 9

what are the 3 main treatments for cancer ?

Answer 9

• chemotherapy
• radiotherapy
• immunotherapy

Question 10

how do some cancer treatments work ?

Answer 10

by distrubting the cell cycle
- which kills tumor cells by limiting their rate of division

Question 11

what does traditional cancer therapy also impact ?

Answer 11

healthy cells

Question 12

what does chemotherapy distrupt ?

Answer 12

chemotherapy distrupts cell growth and protein production

Question 13

what does radiotherapy do to cells ?

Answer 13

radiotherapy inhibits DNA replication

Question 14

how does radiotherapy work ?

Answer 14

• uses concentrated burst of ionisation which destroys DNA

Question 15

what is immunotherapy used to do ?

Answer 15

immunotherapy can also be used to make white blood cells destroy cancerous cells