Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology > Monera (Bacteria) > Flashcards

Monera (Bacteria) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does the cell wall do

A

Prevents the bacteria from bursting during osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does cytoplasm do

A

Contains ribosomes and storage granules - no mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does DNA do

A

Contains chromosomes which give the primary traits

one chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is only sometimes present in bacteria

A

Capsule
Mesosomes
Plasmid
Flagellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the capsule

A

Protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of a mesosome

A

used for respiration

helps during cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does a plasmid do

A

contains genes responsible for antibiotic resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of the flagellum

A

allows movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the shapes a bacteria can be

A
  1. Coccus (round)
  2. Bacillus (rod)
  3. Spirillum (spiral)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name an example of a coccus bacteria

A

pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name an example of a bacillus bacteria

A

tuberculosis (TB)

e.coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name an example of a spirillum bacteria

A

cholera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do bacteria reproduce

A

asexual reproduction - binary fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How often do bacteria reproduce

A

every 20 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are mutations in bacteria

A

bacteria that evolve very fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do bacteria mutate

A

they evolve to be antibiotic resistant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name a bacteria that is antibiotic resistant

A

MRSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are endospores

A

tough walled spores capable of surviving harsh conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can endospores do that regular bacteria cannot

A

withstand high temp , lack of food and water and most poisons - difficult to kill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do bacteria get nutrients

A

they are autotrophic and heterotrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does autotrophic mean

A

an organism makes its own food

22
Q

What are the types of autotrophic bacteria and how do they make their own food

A

Photosynthetic - chlorophyll on membranes

Chemosynthetic - use reactions involving ammonia, sulphur and iron compounds

23
Q

What does heterotrophic mean

A

an organism takes in food made by other organisms

24
Q

What are the types of heterotrophic bacteria and how do they get their food

A

Saprophytic - enzymes digest dead organic matter

Parasitic - use a live host for food , usually cause harm

25
Q

What 5 factors affect bacterial growth

A 
Temperature 
Oxygen concentration
pH
External solute concentration
Pressure
26
Q

How does temperature affect the growth of bacteria

A

Prefer 20°C-30°C
high temps denature enzymes
low temps slow down growth

27
Q

How does oxygen concentration affect the growth of bacteria

A

Aerobic - require O2 for respiration

Anaerobic - do not require O2 for respiration

28
Q

What is a facultative anaerobe

A

respire with or without oxygen

29
Q

What is an obligate anaerobe

A

only respire in the absence of oxygen

30
Q

How does pH affect the growth of bacteria

A

unsuitable pH will denature enzymes

Most grow at neutral

31
Q

How does external solute conc affect the growth of bacteria

A

external soln has high solute - then bacteria dehydrates

external soln low solute conc- water drawn in

32
Q

How does pressure affect the growth of bacteria

A

Growth inhibited by high pressure

33
Q

What are the economic benefits of bacteria

A

Converts milk to yogurt and cheese (lactobacillus)

Genetically modified bacteria used to make products like insulin , drugs , vitimins

34
Q

What are the economic disadvantages of bacteria

A

cause plant and human disease (pathogens)

cause food to decay

35
Q

What are antibiotics

A

Chemicals produced by micro-organisms that stop the growth of, or kill, other micro-organisms without damaging human tissue

36
Q

Who discovered antibiotics

A

Sir Alexander Fleming

37
Q

What is a disadvantage to humans because of antibiotics

A

antibiotics kill ALL bacteria in the body - good and bad

38
Q

How does antibiotic resistance occur

A

antibiotic resistant bacteria have developed from bacterial mutations

39
Q

What is causing more antibiotic resistance

A

overuse of antibiotics leads increased growth of anti-biotic resistant bacteria
failure to complete full treatment allows bacteria to survive and regrow

40
Q

What is the 5 stages of the growth curve for bacteria

A
  1. Lag
  2. Log
  3. Stationary
  4. Decline
  5. Death/Survival
41
Q

What happens during the lag stage

A

bacteria adapt to their environments

bacterial numbers remain constant

42
Q

What happens during the log stage

A

bacterial numbers increase rapidly

ideal conditions for max. reproduction

43
Q

What happens during the stationary stage

A

birth=death
no increase in bacterial numbers
limited resources - food, space , moisture, oxygen
toxic environment

44
Q

What happens during the decline stage

A

number of bacteria falls rapidly

death > birth rate

45
Q

What happens during the death/survival stage

A

bacteria become dormant until conditions are favourable again

46
Q

What are the 2 types of food processing used for bacteria

A

Batch culture

Continuous flow culture

47
Q

What products are made from using bacteria in food processing

A

dairy products - yogurts , cheeses
alcohol products
vitamins

48
Q

What is batch culture

A

The growth of cells in a sealed container over a short period of time and under ideal conditions until all the nutrients are used up

49
Q

What is continuous flow culture

A

The growth of cells in an open container where nutrient are added and the end products are removed all the time at a rate that maintains volume of liquid and the number of cells

50
Q

What is a bioreactor

A

A vessel or container in which living cells or their products are used to make a product

51
Q

What is bio-processing

A

the use of bacteria and other organisms to produce a wide range of products

biology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions