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biology > Endocrine system > Flashcards

Endocrine system Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 types of glands

A

Exocrine

Endocrine

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2
Q

What are exocrine glands , give an example

A

glands that release their product into ducts or tubes

salivary glands , sweat

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3
Q

What are endocrine glands

A

ductless glands that releases products into the bloodstream

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4
Q

What is a hormone

A

hormones are chemical messengers produced by an endocrine gland and carried by the bloodstream to another part of the body where they have a specific effect

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5
Q

What are most hormones made of

A

proteins , some made of steroids

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6
Q

What is the speed of a response compared to the nervous system

A

endocrine : slow

nervous : fast

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7
Q

What is the method of transmission compared to the nervous system

A

endocrine : chemical

nervous : mostly electrical

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8
Q

What is the speed of a message compared to the nervous system

A

endocrine : slow (blood )

nervous : fast (electrical )

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9
Q

What is the duration of a message compared to the nervous system

A

Endocrine : long-lasting

Nervous : short-lived

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10
Q

What location is affected compared to the nervous system

A

Endocrine : effects can be widespread

Nervous : localised

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11
Q

Where is the pineal gland located

A

in the brain

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12
Q

What hormone does the pineal gland produce

A

Melatonin

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13
Q

What is the function of melatonin

A

controls body rhythms

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14
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located

A

in the brain

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15
Q

What hormone does the hypothalamus produce

A

ADH

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16
Q

What is the function of ADH

A

causes water to be reabsorbed by the kidneys

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17
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located

A

beneath the brain

18
Q

What hormone does the pituitary gland produce

A

growth hormone

19
Q

What is the function of growth hormone

A

bone elongation

20
Q

Where is the parathyroid located

A

on the thyroid

21
Q

What hormone does the parathyroid produce

A

parathormone

22
Q

What is the function of parathormone

A

release calcium from bone cells into blood

23
Q

Where is the thyroid located

A

on the trachea

24
Q

What hormone does the thyroid produce

A

thyroxine

25
Q

What is the function of thyroxine

A

controls body metabolism

26
Q

Where is the thymus located

A

in chest at bronchi

27
Q

What hormone does the thymus produce

A

thymosin

28
Q

What is the function of thymosin

A

mature of WBCs

29
Q

Where is the adrenal gland located

A

on top of the kidneys

30
Q

What hormone does the adrenal gland produce

A

adrenaline

31
Q

What is the function of adrenaline

A

Emergency response

32
Q

Where are the islets of langerhans (pancreas ) located

A

abdomen - under stomach

33
Q

What hormone do the islets of langerhans (pancreas ) produce

A

insulin

34
Q

What is the function of insulin

A

controls sugar levels

35
Q

Name a hormone deficiency in children and adults

A

Thyroxine deficiency
child - low metabolic rates - cretinism
adult - reduced metabolic rate - myxoedema , goitre

36
Q

What is the corrective measure of thyroxine deficiency

A

thyroxine and iodine supplements

37
Q

Name a hormone in excess and the symptoms

A

Thyroxine excess

increased metabolic rate - weight loss , hunger , bulging eyes. (graves disease)

38
Q

What is a corrective measure for a thyroxine excess

A

surgical removal of part of the thyroid

radioactive iodine

39
Q

Name two hormone supplements and their uses

A

Insulin - low insulin production , diabetes

Anabolic steroids - for meat production , build up of muscles

40
Q

What is negative feedback

A

where the correct level of one hormone inhibits another hormone already present

41
Q

Explain an example of negative feedback

A
  1. levels of thyroxine are normal , inhibits the pituitary gland from producing TSH
  2. levels decrease TSH produced stimulating thyroid gland to produce thyroxine until normal levels achieved
42
Q

What is Goitre and what causes it

A

swelling of the thyroid

if no iodine present to combine with TSH then TSH stored in thyroid causing swelling

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