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biology > Ecology Definitions (HL) > Flashcards

Ecology Definitions (HL) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

What is ecology

A

the study of how living things interact with their environment

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2
Q

What is an ecosystem

A

groups of living organisms that interact with their environment
eg. grassland

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3
Q

What is a biosphere

A

the part of the planet containing living things

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4
Q

What is a Population

A

the number of organisms for one species living in an area

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5
Q

What is a Community

A

all the different populations living in an area

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6
Q

What is a Habitat

A

where an animal or plant lives

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7
Q

What are Biotic factors

A

relate to living factors -

food, competition, predation, humans

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8
Q

What are abiotic factors

A

relate to non-living factors - temperature, soil , rainfall

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9
Q

What are edaphic factors

A

relate to the soil -

soil pH, soil temp

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10
Q

What are climatic factors

A

relate to the weather over a long period of time -

wind, rainfall

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11
Q

What are consumers

A

organisms that take in food from other organisms

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12
Q

What are producers

A

organisms that make their own food / carry out photosynthesis
all plants

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13
Q

What is a food chain

A

shows a sequence of organisms in which one is eaten by the next

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14
Q

What is a trophic level

A

a feeding stage in the food chain

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15
Q

What is flora

A

all plants in an ecosystem

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16
Q

What is fauna

A

all animals in an ecosystem

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17
Q

What is a primary consumer

A

eats a producer

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18
Q

What is a secondary consumer

A

eats a primary consumer

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19
Q

What is a tertiary consumer

A

eats a secondary consumer

20
Q

What is a decomposer

A

breaks down dead organic matter

bacteria, fungi

21
Q

What is a herbivore

A

eats plants only

22
Q

What is an omnivore

A

eats both plants and animals

23
Q

What is a carnivore

A

eats other animals only

24
Q

What are detritus feeders

A

feed on dead leaves and dead organic matter

25
Q

What is a food web

A

two or more inter-linked food chains

26
Q

What is a niche

A

the functional role an organism plays in an ecosystem

27
Q

What is a pyramid of numbers

A

represents the number of organisms at each trophic level of a food chain

28
Q

What is pollution

A

the release of any harmful substances into the environment

29
Q

What is a pollutant

A

the substance that is causing the pollution

30
Q

What is conservation

A

the wise management of our environment and the preventing of organisms becoming extinct

31
Q

What is competition

A

the struggle between two organisms for a resource in short supply
food, shelter,mates

32
Q

What is contest competition

A

the physical contest between two organisms and only one gets the resource
2 deers fighting for female

33
Q

What is scramble competition

A

where a number of organisms struggle for a resource but they all get some of the resource but not enough
young seedling plants competing for light and space

34
Q

What is intra-specific competition

A

when two organisms of the same species compete

35
Q

What is inter-specific competition

A

occurs between organisms of different species

36
Q

What is predation

A

the catching, killing and eating of another organism

37
Q

What is a predator

A

an organism that catches , kills and eats another organism

38
Q

What is prey

A

the organism that has been killed and eaten by the predator

39
Q

What is symbiosis

A

occurs when two organisms living in close association with each other and at least one of them benefits

40
Q

What is parasitism

A

occurs when one organism lives on another (the host) and causes to harm

41
Q

What are ectoparasites/exoparasites

A

live on the host on the outside and cause harm

fleas on a dog

42
Q

What are endoparasites

A

live on the host on the inside and cause harm

tapeworm in intestines

43
Q

What is an adaption

A

a feature of the organism that increases its chances survival
rabbits run fast to escape from predators

44
Q

What is nitrogen fixation

A

the conversion of nitrogen gas into nitrates , ammonia or ammonium

45
Q

What is nitrification

A

the conversion of ammonia and ammonium compounds to nitrite and then nitrates

46
Q

What is denitrification

A

the conversion of nitrates into nitrogen gas

47
Q

What is nutrient recycling

A

when carbon or nitrogen are exchanged between living and non living parts of the environment
allows nutrients to be reused

biology (7 decks)

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