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biology > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is metabolism

A

The sum of all chemical reactions in an organism

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2
Q

What are the sources of energy

A

solar energy

cellular energy

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3
Q

What is a catalyst

A

A substance that speeds up a reaction without itself being used up in the reaction

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4
Q

What is an enzyme

A

Enzymes are proteins that speed up a reaction without being used up - biological catalyst

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5
Q

What are proteins

A

a sequence of amino acids

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6
Q

What type of protein is an enzyme

A

Globular protein

folded , complex 3 dimensional shape

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7
Q

What is a substrate

A

The substance in which the enzyme reacts

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8
Q

What is a Product

A

The substance the enzyme forms

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9
Q

How is the function of an enzyme determined

A

By the sequence and shape
fits a specific substrate active site
reacts only with the substance of the shape that matches the enzyme

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10
Q

How are enzymes named

A

by adding -ase onto the end of the substrate

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11
Q

What type of reactions occurs with enzymes

A

A reversible reaction

- enzymes can be anabolic or catabolic

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12
Q

What is the role of catabolic enzymes

A

Amylase converts starch into maltose
Amylase is produced in salivary glands and pancreas
Seeds release amylase when germinating

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13
Q

What is the role of anabolic enzymes

A

DNA polymerase forms and repairs DNA
Enzymes that control photosynthesis
DNA Ligase joins 2 pieces of DNA together

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14
Q

What Factors effect enzymes

A

Temperature

pH

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15
Q

What is a denatured enzyme

A

An enzyme that has lost it’s shape and can no longer carry out its function

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16
Q

When do enzymes work best

A

Under certain ideal conditions (optimum)

17
Q

What is the optimum pH for enzymes

A

7

work best 6-8

18
Q

What enzymes does not have an optimum pH of 7

A

Pepsin
Optimum pH of 2
Works in the stomach

19
Q

What happens to enzymes outside of a pH of 6-8

A

Outside this range the activity of enzymes falls rapidly

The enzymes loses its shape and becomes denatured

20
Q

What is the ideal temperature for enzymes in humans

A

37°C

21
Q

What is the ideal temperature for enzymes in plants

A

20-30°C

22
Q

What happens to enzymes in temperatures outside the ideal range

A

At 0°C the contents of the cells freezes and as the temperature increases the rate pf reaction increases
Above ideal temps, enzymes lose their 3D shape and eventually become denatured ( >50°C)

23
Q

What is bioprocessing

A

The use of enzyme-controlled reactions to produce a product

Eg. Alcohol , Vaccines , Antibiotics

24
Q

What is a bioreactor

A

A vessel where biological reactions take place

25
Q

What are immobilised enzymes

A

Enzymes that are attached or fixed to each other or to an inert material

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