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PassMed Revision > Mon 11th Jan > Flashcards

Mon 11th Jan Flashcards

1
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

CI: G6PD deficiency

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2
Q

Paracetamol overdose: poor prognosis

A

increased Prothrombin time
arterial pH
creatinine
encephalopathy

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3
Q

Vancomycin

A

requires therapeutic drug monitoring > accumulation + toxicity in renal impairment

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4
Q

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

A

auto-antibodies = heparin + platelet factor IV

switch to: direct thrombin inhibitor = argatroban

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5
Q

Amiodarone: adverse effects

A 
thyroid dysfunction: hypothyroidism + hyper-thyroidism
corneal deposits
pulmonary fibrosis/pneumonitis
liver fibrosis/hepatitis
peripheral neuropathy, myopathy
photosensitivity
'slate-grey' appearance
thrombophlebitis and injection site reactions
bradycardia
lengths QT interval
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6
Q

Amiodarone: drug interactions

A

decreased metabolism of warfarin > increased INR

increased digoxin levels

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7
Q

Ethylene glycol: poisoning

A

in antifreeze
attempted suicide

Metabolic acidosis with a high anion gap and high osmolar gap

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8
Q

Diclofenac

A

contraindicated = any form of cardiovascular disease

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9
Q

Proton pump inhibitors

A

hypomagnesaemia

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10
Q

PDE 5 inhibitors = sildenafil

A

contraindicated = nitrates and nicorandil

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11
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis: drug-induced

A

> Antibiotics = nitrofurantoin
Amiodarone
Chemotherapy
Anti-Rheumatoid: Methotrexate + sulfasalazine
Cytotoxic agents: busulphan, bleomycin
Ergot-derived dopamine receptor agonists: (bromocriptine, cabergoline, pergolide)

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12
Q

Severe lithium toxicity

A

excess of 2 mmol/L
neurological symptoms or renal failure are present

haemodialysis

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13
Q

Cyclical combined HRT

A

LMP was less than 1 year ago

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14
Q

Adult Life Support (ALS): Adrenaline doses

A

anaphylaxis: 0.5ml 1:1,000 IM

cardiac arrest: 10ml 1:10,000 IV or 1ml of 1:1000 IV

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15
Q

Severe pain

A

V morphine titrated in 1-2mg boluses until comfortable

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16
Q

Lithium toxicity

A

precipitated by thiazides

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17
Q

Absolute contraindication to the use of regional anaesthesia

A

Therapeutic anticoagulation

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18
Q

Within 1 hour of Paracetamol ingestion

A

Activated charcoal

prevent further paracetamol being absorbed into the circulation

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19
Q

Immediate N-acetylcysteine (NAC)

A

Paracetamol overdose = staggered or if there is doubt about the chronology of the overdose

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20
Q

Amitriptyline

A

cause urinary retention

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21
Q

Ecstasy poisoning

A

neurological: agitation, anxiety, confusion, ataxia
cardiovascular: tachycardia, hypertension
hyponatraemia
hyperthermia = give dantrolene
rhabdomyolysis

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22
Q

Hypokalaemia

A

predisposes patients to digoxin toxicity

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23
Q

Methanol poisoning

A

fomepizole or ethanol

haemodialysis

24
Q

Digoxin

A

Digoxin-specific antibody fragments

25
Q

Isoniazid

A

Peripheral neuropathy is a commonly recognised side effect

26
Q

Rifampicin

A 
Most common side effects:
Orange bodily fluids, 
rash, 
hepatotoxicity, 
drug interactions
27
Q

Gentamicin

A

Ototoxicity + nephrotoxicity

Contraindications = myasthenia gravis

28
Q

Sildenafil

A 
Side effects: 
headaches, 
facial flushing, 
dyspepsia, 
transient blue-green tingeing of vision
29
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants: Overdose

A

IV bicarbonate

30
Q

Paracetamol: Overdose

A

Start NAC immediately if:
> uncertainty about the time of overdose, but it is potentially toxic
> staggered over a time period longer than an hour
> plasma-paracetamol level is over the treatment line on the treatment graph
> 8-36 hours before presenting

31
Q

Tuberculosis: treatment

A

Liver functions tests should be checked in all cases

32
Q

St John’s Wort

A

inducer of the P450 system and can decrease ciclosporin levels, leading to transplant rejection

33
Q

Amiodarone

A

SE: both corneal opacities and optic neuritis

34
Q

Ciclosporin

A

SE: cause nephrotoxicity

35
Q

Digoxin toxicity

A

within 8 to 12 hours of the last dose

36
Q

Cyclizine: caution

A

heart failure as it may cause a fall in cardiac output

37
Q

Salicylate poisoning

A

first causes respiratory alkalosis

38
Q

Metformin: CI

A

contraindicated in those with eGFR < 30

39
Q

Ciprofloxacin: SE

A

lowers the seizure threshold

40
Q

Clinical features of digoxin toxicity

A

GIT: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea
Visual: blurred vision, yellow/green discolouration, haloes
CVS: palpitations, syncope, dyspnoea
CNS: confusion, dizziness, delirium, fatigue

41
Q

Bendroflumethiazide: SE

A

Hyponatraemia

42
Q

Atenolol: SE

A

Cold peripheries

43
Q

Ecstasy: Overdose

A

Serotonin syndrome

44
Q

Ethambutol: SE

A

optic neuropathy and development of colour blindness

discontinued

or pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is given concurrently

45
Q

Lithium overdose: risk factors

A

Dehydration

46
Q

Aspirin

A

Blocking the action of both cyclooxygenase-1 and 2.

Cyclooxygenase is responsible for prostaglandin, prostacyclin and thromboxane synthesis

blocking of thromboxane A2 formation in platelets reduces the ability of platelets to aggregate

47
Q

Metoclopramide

A

Dopamine antagonist

treat migraines

prokinetic agent to speed up gastric motility

48
Q

Histamine-1 antagonist

A

treat hayfever

49
Q

Sinus congestion

A

Alpha agonist

50
Q

Salicylates: Overdose

A

tinnitus,
anxiety
diaphoresis

Respiratory alkalosis initially due to hyperventilation,

Then > Metabolic acidosis due to lactic acid accumulation

51
Q

Sodium valproate: SE

A

enzyme INhibitor so can INcrease warfarin levels if used concurrently

52
Q

Paracetamol overdose: acute alcohol intake

A

Not associated with an increased risk of developing hepatotoxicity and may actually be protective

53
Q

DPP4-inhibitors

A

Gliptins

Sitagliptin

54
Q

Sitagliptin: SE

A

acute pancreatitis and should be stopped if it is suspected and reported by Yellow Card

55
Q

Finasteride

A

5 alpha reductase inhibitor which converts testosterone into DHT

treat: benign prostatic hyperplasia

PassMed Revision (13 decks)

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