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Mometrix - ONP SITE SPECIFIC CANCERS Flashcards

1
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

secretory or glandular tissue (mucus, digestive juice, hormones)

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2
Q

Myeloma

A

cancer in the plasma cell of the bone
multiple myeloma (in multiple bones)

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3
Q

Lymphoma

A

nodes or glands of the lymphatic system

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4
Q

Leukemia

A

cancer of the bone marrow

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5
Q

Sarcoma

A

connective tissue

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6
Q

Carcinoma

A

epithelium

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7
Q

Ewing Tumor

A

group of caner that begins in the bone or nearby soft tissue that affects children and young adults

most common sites are the pelvis, chest wall, and legs

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8
Q

Kaposi Sarcoma

A

Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus

most cases occur in pt with HIV/AIDS

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9
Q

Paget’s disease

A

malignant lesion around the nipple and areola, very obvious changes

starts as a ductal carcinoma, then spreads to external features of the breast

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10
Q

Invasive breast cancer

A

involves breast tissue, but also extends into adjacent tissues

can metastasize to distant parts of the body

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11
Q

Invasive ductal carcinoma

A

makes up most of the cases of invasive breast cancer

located in the ducts, can extend beyond the membrane and infiltrate surrounding tissue and lymph nodes

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12
Q

Invasive lobular carcinoma

A

begins in the lobe tissue and invades surrounding tissue

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13
Q

Lobular carcinoma in situ

A

not usually found on mammogram or BSE, usually during biopsy of another lesion

presence indicates increased risk for invasive breast cancer

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14
Q

Dx prostate cancer

A

ages >50 annual PSA and DRE

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15
Q

Nottingham grading system

A

evaluates breast cells size and shape

grading 1-3
1 resembles normal cell
3 most cells are abnormal

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16
Q

Gleason scale

A

prostate tumor grading

score of 1-5
1 resembles normal tissue
5 most abnormal

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17
Q

What cells line the lung? if it is damaged what do the cells turn into?

A

columnar epithelium

simple squamous cells

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18
Q

non-small cell lung cancer

A

squamous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, large cell, or spindle cell

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19
Q

small cell lung cancer

A

accounts for <20% of lung cancer

most destructive

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20
Q

mesothelioma

A

occurs due to asbestos exposure, almost always fatal

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21
Q

How often should pap smears be done?

22
Q

What happens if pap smear is abnormal?

A

colposcopy is performed

acetic acid is applied to cervix and exam is done under magnification

23
Q

What tests are done for ovarian cancer?

A

CA 125 and transvaginal US

24
Q

Cystoscopy

A

thin catheter and camera through urethra to bladder to visualize bladder wall

tissue can be bx too

25
leukemia
overproduction of immature blood cells that impairs normal organ function
26
acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) risk factors
affects adults >40 y/o pt who have had alkylating chemo or topoisomerase inhibitors have an increased risk for AML
27
AML s/s
generalized flu symptoms tiredness, generalizes infections, bleeding or bruising
28
AML tx
usually 2-3 stages induction - intensive chemo w/ cytarabine and daunorubicin, further chemo will be given to get residual cells best tx is stem cell transplant
29
how does differentiation syndrome occur? s/s?
occurs from cytokine release from the maturation of myelocytes s/s dyspnea, fever, weight gain, peripheral edema * rare occurrence of blood clotting / bleeding
30
chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) risk factors
affects pt > 60 y/o usually associated with translocation of Philadelphia chromosome or BCR/ABL1 gene
31
CML s/s
s/s thrombocytopenia, anemia, neutropenia pt may have enlarged liver and spleen may have L abdominal pain
32
CML progression
chronic CML --> accelerated --> blastic stages are identified by an increased number of immature blast cells in the bone marrow as disease progresses, prognosis is worse
33
CML tx
Ph chromosome or BCR/ABL1 gene (is a tyrosine kinase) sends messages to cells to promote growth and proliferation tx includes using tyrosine kinase inhibitors to stop cell growth medications include - imatinib (1st line), nilotinib (2nd)
34
imantinib s/e
diarrhea, nausea, muscle pain, fatigue and edema TKI - tyrosine kinase inhibitor
35
acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
occurs in the bone marrow most common in children 2-8 y/o
36
ALL s/s
anemia, bone pain, infection pt may have enlarged lymph nodes, live, and spleen
37
Tx of childhood ALL
induction - intensive chemo consolidation - getting residual cells maintenance - oral chemo for up to 3 years after remission all phases take about 2-3 years to complete
38
Tx of ALL in adults
if Ph chromosome is involved, poorer prognosis monoclonal antibody to target CD19 CAR(T)
39
chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
usually affects pt >50 y/o dx during routine blood work
40
CLL s/s
enlarged lymph nodes and anemia, elevated WBC
41
CLL Tx
no known cure pt can often live many years w/o therapy low levels of ZAP70 / CD38 protein are usually associated w/ better prognosis
42
primary lymph tissue
bone marrow and thymus gland lymph cells are produced in the bone marrow - some stay in BM and turn into B cells thymus receives cells to turn into T cells
43
secondary lymph tissue
lymph nodes, spleen, specialized tissue from GI tract and lymph tissue w/n respiratory tract
44
Hodgkin's lymphoma
affects lymph nodes highly curable cancer cells in HL are called Reed Sternberg cells
45
how will a pt present with HL?
enlarged lymph nodes - especially in neck or supraclavicular nodes generalized s/s of fever and weight loss + appetite loss
46
Reed Sternberg cells
found in HL attacks the lymph system by working to destroy B and T cells
47
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
associated with EBV or chemical / pesticide exposure involves bone marrow and live malignancies other lymph nodes may be affected
48
HL dx
biopsy on suspected lymph node cells will be Reed Sternberg cells
49
NHL tx
lymph node bx will be examined microscopically to differentiate between HL and NHL
50
multiple myeloma
affects specialized B cells that are responsible for production of immunoglobins
51
"CRAB"
hyperCalcemia Renal insufficiency Anemia Bone lesions
51
head & neck cancer s/s
decreased O2 affected speech swallowing impaired thyroid secretion

OCN (9 decks)

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