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Animal Diversity > Molluscs > Flashcards

Molluscs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the human importance of molluscs

A

Food (calamari, mussels, scallops, clams)

Pearl + shells

Bio-indicators

Biotech (bullet proof veste)

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2
Q

What are the two important features that make a mollusc a mollusc?

A

Visceral mass

Head foot

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3
Q

What is the head foot used for in molluscs

A

Sensory snd locomotion

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4
Q

Where is the radula found in molluscs?

A

Head foot

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5
Q

What is the radula in molluscs?

A

Chitinous ribbon teeth

Held together by odontophore cartilage

Ribbon teeth move over cartilage
Odontophore can move in and out

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6
Q

What is highly modified among the different classes of molluscs, found on the ventral side and used primarily for locomotion?

A

Foot

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7
Q

What is the visceral mass of molluscs?

A

Mantle + mantle cavity

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8
Q

The skin that wraps around the body and protects the soft parts of the mollusc, extending from the visceral mass, is called what?

A

Mantle

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9
Q

What part of the visceral mass makes the shell

A

Mantle

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10
Q

What are the three layers of the mantle and shell

P-P-N

A
  1. Peristracum
  2. Promatic
  3. Nacre
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11
Q

What layer of the shell is the outer organic proteinaceous layer?

(Skin of shell)

A

Peristracum

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12
Q

What layer is the thickest with lots of calcium carbonate stacks that are in a proteinaceous matrix?

(Some of the strongest material on earth)

A

Prismatic

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13
Q

What is the nacre layer of the shell?

A

Shiny + smooth inner layer
Continually laid down
Where pearls are made

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14
Q

What is nacre made out of?

A

Calcium carbonate + protein sheets

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15
Q

How is a pearl made?

A

Debris gets btw shell + mantle sand)

Nacre lays down overtop debris

Makes pearl

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16
Q

Molluscs
Symmetry?
Body cavity?

A

Bilateral

Coelomates

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17
Q

Can molluscs be asexual

A

No

Male, female or hermaphroditism

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18
Q

What kind or larvae do molluscs have?

A

Aquatic larvae or gastropods = TROCHOPHORE LARVAE

some have veliger larvae

Some direct development (cephalopods + snails)

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19
Q

What kind of larvae to cephalopds and snails have?

A

Direct development

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20
Q

What are the 8 classes of molluscs?

A 
Aplacophorans (combo of 2 classes)
Bivalvia
Cephalopods
Gastropods
Monoplacophora
Polyplacophora
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21
Q

The aplacophorans are a combination of 2 classes of mollusc… what are they

A

Causofoveata + solengastres

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22
Q

What class of molluscs is worm like, NO SHELL + NO FOOT and is a marine burrower with calcareous scales/spicules?

A

Aplacophorans

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23
Q

What are some key characteristics of class monoplacophora?

A

One plate
Rounds shell
Big foot
Plates repeat

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24
Q

What class are many repeating internal and external strucutres (gills + nerves) and is kinda like the molluscs armadillo because of its many plates (8 movable plates)

A

The polyplacophora

25
Q

What class are the chitons under in molluscs?

A

Polyplacophora

26
Q

What is indicative of class scaphopoda?

A

Tusk shells / tooth shells

Tubular

Modified with tentacles
- sticky ends = captacula!!!

NL HEART + NO GILLS

27
Q

What class has no heart and no gills (molluscs)?

A

scaphopoda

28
Q

What group of the gastropods is mostly marin snails like periwinkles, limpets and conchs?

Prosssssssss…

A

Prosobranchia

Pros bra

29
Q

Opisthobranchia are what type of gastropods..

A

Shell less, marine

Nudibranchs and sea slugs

30
Q

Do nudibranchs and sea slugs have gills and shell?

A

No, because they are part of opisthobranchia group of gastropods

31
Q

What group of gastropods have cerrata (dorsal extensions along mantle edge)?

A

Opisthobranchia

32
Q

Most land and fresh water snails belong to what group of gastropods or phylum mollusc?

Pull mon

A

Pulmonata

33
Q

Whats the difference btw torsion and coiling in gastropods?

A

Tosrsion = 180 deg rotation of mantle (anus and gills)

Coiling = whorling or shell

Head near butt

34
Q

The cone snail is an example of a unique feeding method of the gastropods… what feature is usually highly varied to make gastropod feeding so unique

A

Radula

35
Q

How do gastropod hermaphrodites who are marine differ from hermaphrodites who are on land?

A

Marine = veliger larva

Land = protective egg cases

36
Q

Gatropod reproduction - explain simultaneous hermaphrodites

A

Mating rituals - build pressure for LOVE DART

copulatory organs in head
Love dart = eversible penis + vagina

They stab each other in the head

37
Q

Are gastropods monoecious dioecious or hermaphrodites?

A

All three

38
Q

What has no radual, no head, just two valves and a laterally compressed shell

A

Class bivalvia

39
Q

Sedentary suspension feeders of class bivalvia have gills covered in… and use what to help direct water flow

A

Ciliated mucus covers gills

Siphon for water flow

40
Q

What features to burrowing forms of bivalves (like clams) have to keep water flow even when burrowed

A

Large muscular foot on anterior/ventral

Siphon on posterior

Keeps water flow even

41
Q

What is the oldest part lf the bivalves shell and what does this part do?

A

Umbo

Where hinge is - where it grows from
Dorsal side

42
Q

What muscles open and closes the shell in class bivalvia?

A

Abductor muscles

43
Q

What does the term ctenidia mean in bivalves?

A

Gills

44
Q

Where are the gills of bivalves found? What are they covered in?

A

Dorsal side

Covered in mantle sheath

45
Q

How are gills used for feeding and respiration in bivalves?

A

Particles come in posterior’

Go along cilia tracts of gills

Sand rejected out ventral side

Food goes to anterior end where palps turn it into bolus

46
Q

How to clams move differently than scallops? what about sessile bivalves like mussels and oysters?

A

Clams = burrow

Scallops = clap and swim with abductor muscles

Mussels = byssal threads

Oysters = cement to substrate

47
Q

Nautiloids, cuttlefish, squids, octopuses belong to what class of mollusc?

A

Cephalopod

48
Q

What type of cephalopod has a large shell, lives in outer most shell layer but regulates the gas pressure with its SIPHUNCLE?

A

Nautiloids

49
Q

What kind of shell do cuttle fish have? What about squids? Ocotpuses?

A

Cuttle fish = internal shell enclosed by mantle

Squids = pen (dorsal) enclosed by mantle

Octopuses = no shell

50
Q

Cephalopods - how do they move?

A

Jet propulsion

  • muscle walled mantle contracts
  • water shoot out siphon
  • animal shoots backwards
51
Q

What is the basic body plan of cephalopds

A

1 pair of gills
8 arms - suckers / hooks
Closed circulatory system
Nervous system + eyes

52
Q

How to the chromatophore cells help cephalopds camouflage?

A

Change colour by getting bigger or smaller in diameter

53
Q

What do the ink sacs of cephalopods contain? Where are the ink sacs found?

A

Melanin + sometimes mucus

Rectum

54
Q

What class of mollusc is exclusively dioecious?

A

Cephalopods

55
Q

How do cephalopds reproduce?

A

Sperm passed in packets to females

Fertlized eggs leave females, laid on rocks

She protects them

56
Q

Do cephalopds have a larval stage? If yes, what type of larva?

A

No larvae

Direct development

57
Q

What is meant by cephalopds are semelparous?

A

Die after mating

58
Q

What are the 5 key body transitions of molluscs?

A 
O - organ
S - bilateral
BC - eucoelomate
D - triploblast/protostomes/lophotrochozoa
Segmentation - no

Animal Diversity (9 decks)

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