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Animal Diversity > Class Diapsids - Testudine + Lepidosaurs > Flashcards

Class Diapsids - Testudine + Lepidosaurs Flashcards

1
Q

when did diapsids diversifyy

A

late carboniferous

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2
Q

what are the order and 2 superorders of class testudines of the amniotes

A 
order testudine
superorder lepidosauria (Squmata + sphenodonta)
superorder archosauria (crocodilia + dinos)
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3
Q

what are the two orders under the lepidosaurs

A

squamata

sphenodonta

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4
Q

what are the two orders under archosauria

A

crocodilia

dinos

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5
Q

when did turtles evolve

A

triassic

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6
Q

what are two main components of turtle shells

A

dorsal carapce and ventral plastron

outer layer of keratin + inner layer of bone

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7
Q

do turtles have teeth

A

nope they have a keratinized beak

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8
Q

the bony layer in a turtle shell is the fusion of…

A

ribs + vertebrae

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9
Q

limb girdles located deep in the ribs of turtle shells is a unique feature to vertebrates.

A

true, just a cool fact I thought I’d throw in here

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10
Q

turtle can’t expand chest to breathe so instead they do what

A

use abdominal + pectoral muscles as DIAPHRAGM

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11
Q

explain how turtles inhale and exhale

A

inhale - contract limb flank muscles, increase abdominal cavity volume

exhale - draw back shoulder girdle to compress viscera

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12
Q

are turtle oviparous, viviparous or ovoviviparoud

A

oviparous w internal fertilization

lay eggs and bury in ground

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13
Q

temp determines turtle sex - what does hot temp make and what do colder temps makeq

A

hot - females >:-)

cold - males

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14
Q

there are 4 species of turtle in NS: The snapper, eastern painted turtle, blanding’s turtle, wood turtle. Which one is the largest, which is at rish, which is the most common

A

snapper - biggest

eastern painted turtle - most common

wood turtle and blanding turtle - at risk

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15
Q

classify lizards and snakes from class to order

A

class reptilia, subclass diapsida, superorder lepidosauria, order squamata

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16
Q

the fossils of order squamata ((lizards and snakes, etc) radiated from what period

A

radiated in cretaceous

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17
Q

Order Squamata has a diapsid skull… why

A

engulfing lagrer prey

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18
Q

Squamata skulls are important for the evolution of what kind of skull (remember this type of skull is unique to squamates)

A

kinetic skulls w movable joints

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19
Q

squamates lost a bone in what regions of the skull that helped develop their kinetic skul

A

ventral and posterior regions of temporal opening

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20
Q

skull mobility in snakes led to their diversification. one feature is they can lift their snout.. how do they do this

A

joints in palate + roof of skull that help tilt upwards

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21
Q

lizards belong to what suborder of order squamata

A

suborder sauria

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22
Q

how are the eyes of lizards and snakes different

A

lizards = moveabl eyelids
snakes - transparent covering

day active lizards - lots of cones for colour
noctural - lots of rods

23
Q

how do the ears of snakes and lizards differ

A

snakes - no external ear opening

lizards - do have external ear opening

24
Q

are lizards endo or ectothermic

A

ectothermic
regulate BT w outside environment temp
uses less energy

25
Q

geckos, iguanans, monitors, chameleons, grass lizards, worm lizards… classify these guys from class to sub order

A 
class reptilia
Subclass Diapsida
Superorder lepidosauria
order squmata
suborder sauria
26
Q

I’m small, agile, nocturnal. I have adhesivve toepads so I can walk on ceilings, and I makde vocal signals to announce my territory and shoo away the males.. what kind of squamate, sub order sauria lizards am I

A

gecko

27
Q

I have a tongue than can extend sometime longer than the length of my body, I’m an aboreal lizards of Africa + Madagascar, I can change colour with the environment and my hands + limbs are made for grasping branches+anchoring… what kind of squamte lizard am I

A

chameleon

28
Q

what has no visible neck, smooth shiny scales, small legs (sometime don’t even have legs), longer toes mean I’m more arboreal, and if I lost my tail its no biggie I can just made a new one… what kind of squamate lizard am I

A

skink

29
Q

the only venomous lizards of order squamata, suborder sauria are the…

A

monitor lizards

secrete venom in lower jaw

30
Q

Give the characterisitcs of a monitor lizards

A

venomous
largest living lizards, carnivores, active hunters
thought to be closely related to snakes

31
Q

the Komodo dragon is from the indonesian islands, can be 3m long and up to 70 kg in weight, its a giant lizards on an island… what theory is behind their largeness and in charge-ness

A

island gigantism
- no other large carnivores competing on islands

like the extinct moa bird example

32
Q

are there lizards in NS

A

nope

33
Q

what are the types of snakes in NS

A

maritime garter snake (daytime)
eastern smooth green snakes (sing when warm, daytime)
northern redbelly snake + northern ring snakes (hide under rocks)
northern ribbon snakes

34
Q

what are some key features of snakes

A 
limbless
no eyelids
many ribs
no external ears
chemical sense instead of hearing + vision
35
Q

who did snakes evolve from

A

burrowing lizards in cretaceous

36
Q

how do snakes eat without limbs

A

venom, teeth, cracy skull, contriction

swallow whole prey

37
Q

most snakes have poor vision… but there’s a type of snake that has highly developped vision.. what type of snake is this

A

arboreal snakes in tropics

38
Q

how has a snakes skull allowed them to eat larger prey

A

bones not all connected - kinetic skull
two 1/2 of lower jaw loosely joined so they can spread apart
can breathe while swallowing because of tracheal opening

39
Q

snakes don’t have ears.. instead they fell the…

A

vibration in the ground

40
Q

snakes use chemical senses to hunt prey. What are the pit organs

A

nerve ending sensitive to heat
- ex pythons + rattle can sense vulneable body parts based on heat, IF sensing

Jacobson’s organ - pits on roof mouth w olfacory epithelium + tongue picks up scent

41
Q

what snake has the deadliest, most toxic venom, where only 0.025 mg can kill up to 1000 men…

A

Inland Taipan

bites are rare

42
Q

which deadly snakes has the largest number of deaths than all other snakes combines

A

Saw scaled viper

43
Q

which snakes use constriction to cause asphyxiation in their prey (they can’t inhale)

A

Boa constricotr, anacondas, pythons

44
Q

just like all the amniotes, snakes have what kind of fertilization

A

internal fertilziation

45
Q

some snakes exhibit parental care… what snakes do this

A

king cobra makes nests

pythons coil around eggs

46
Q

are snakes ovoviviparous, viviparoud or oviparous?

A

some ovoviviparoud - vipers

some fully viviparous
boa constrictors, anacondas

47
Q

is a tuatara a lizard

A

no, but a close relative

its part of order sphenodonta of the lepidosauria

48
Q

who is considered a living fossil becuase its the only family member that survived out of rhynococephalid reptiles after the mesozoic extinction event

A

tuataras

49
Q

what shows the tuataras slow evolution rate

A

its diapsid skull is exactly the same as it was 200 mya

50
Q

list some features of the tuataras

A 
no external ears (lizard like, but still not a lizard)
males bigger than females
slow growing
diapsid skull
periatal eye / pineal eyee
from new Zealand
51
Q

where are tuataras found? (habitat)

A

forest + pasture near seabird colonies
coastal broad leaf forest
share burrows

52
Q

what are the orders (and suborders) in the superorder lepidosauria

A

super order lepidosauria

order squamata
sub order sauria (lizards)

order sphenodonta
(tuatara)
53
Q

can you draw out the branches of the reptilian line

A 
class reptilia
subclass diapsida
order testudines
superorder lepidosauira (order squmata (suborder sauria) and order sphenodonta)
superorder archosauria (order crocodilian and dinos!)

Animal Diversity (9 decks)

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