Class Diapsids - Testudine + Lepidosaurs Flashcards
when did diapsids diversifyy
late carboniferous
what are the order and 2 superorders of class testudines of the amniotes
order testudine superorder lepidosauria (Squmata + sphenodonta) superorder archosauria (crocodilia + dinos)
what are the two orders under the lepidosaurs
squamata
sphenodonta
what are the two orders under archosauria
crocodilia
dinos
when did turtles evolve
triassic
what are two main components of turtle shells
dorsal carapce and ventral plastron
outer layer of keratin + inner layer of bone
do turtles have teeth
nope they have a keratinized beak
the bony layer in a turtle shell is the fusion of…
ribs + vertebrae
limb girdles located deep in the ribs of turtle shells is a unique feature to vertebrates.
true, just a cool fact I thought I’d throw in here
turtle can’t expand chest to breathe so instead they do what
use abdominal + pectoral muscles as DIAPHRAGM
explain how turtles inhale and exhale
inhale - contract limb flank muscles, increase abdominal cavity volume
exhale - draw back shoulder girdle to compress viscera
are turtle oviparous, viviparous or ovoviviparoud
oviparous w internal fertilization
lay eggs and bury in ground
temp determines turtle sex - what does hot temp make and what do colder temps makeq
hot - females >:-)
cold - males
there are 4 species of turtle in NS: The snapper, eastern painted turtle, blanding’s turtle, wood turtle. Which one is the largest, which is at rish, which is the most common
snapper - biggest
eastern painted turtle - most common
wood turtle and blanding turtle - at risk
classify lizards and snakes from class to order
class reptilia, subclass diapsida, superorder lepidosauria, order squamata
the fossils of order squamata ((lizards and snakes, etc) radiated from what period
radiated in cretaceous
Order Squamata has a diapsid skull… why
engulfing lagrer prey
Squamata skulls are important for the evolution of what kind of skull (remember this type of skull is unique to squamates)
kinetic skulls w movable joints
squamates lost a bone in what regions of the skull that helped develop their kinetic skul
ventral and posterior regions of temporal opening
skull mobility in snakes led to their diversification. one feature is they can lift their snout.. how do they do this
joints in palate + roof of skull that help tilt upwards
lizards belong to what suborder of order squamata
suborder sauria
how are the eyes of lizards and snakes different
lizards = moveabl eyelids
snakes - transparent covering
day active lizards - lots of cones for colour
noctural - lots of rods
how do the ears of snakes and lizards differ
snakes - no external ear opening
lizards - do have external ear opening
are lizards endo or ectothermic
ectothermic
regulate BT w outside environment temp
uses less energy
geckos, iguanans, monitors, chameleons, grass lizards, worm lizards… classify these guys from class to sub order
class reptilia Subclass Diapsida Superorder lepidosauria order squmata suborder sauria
I’m small, agile, nocturnal. I have adhesivve toepads so I can walk on ceilings, and I makde vocal signals to announce my territory and shoo away the males.. what kind of squamate, sub order sauria lizards am I
gecko
I have a tongue than can extend sometime longer than the length of my body, I’m an aboreal lizards of Africa + Madagascar, I can change colour with the environment and my hands + limbs are made for grasping branches+anchoring… what kind of squamte lizard am I
chameleon
what has no visible neck, smooth shiny scales, small legs (sometime don’t even have legs), longer toes mean I’m more arboreal, and if I lost my tail its no biggie I can just made a new one… what kind of squamate lizard am I
skink
the only venomous lizards of order squamata, suborder sauria are the…
monitor lizards
secrete venom in lower jaw
Give the characterisitcs of a monitor lizards
venomous
largest living lizards, carnivores, active hunters
thought to be closely related to snakes
the Komodo dragon is from the indonesian islands, can be 3m long and up to 70 kg in weight, its a giant lizards on an island… what theory is behind their largeness and in charge-ness
island gigantism
- no other large carnivores competing on islands
like the extinct moa bird example
are there lizards in NS
nope
what are the types of snakes in NS
maritime garter snake (daytime)
eastern smooth green snakes (sing when warm, daytime)
northern redbelly snake + northern ring snakes (hide under rocks)
northern ribbon snakes
what are some key features of snakes
limbless no eyelids many ribs no external ears chemical sense instead of hearing + vision
who did snakes evolve from
burrowing lizards in cretaceous
how do snakes eat without limbs
venom, teeth, cracy skull, contriction
swallow whole prey
most snakes have poor vision… but there’s a type of snake that has highly developped vision.. what type of snake is this
arboreal snakes in tropics
how has a snakes skull allowed them to eat larger prey
bones not all connected - kinetic skull
two 1/2 of lower jaw loosely joined so they can spread apart
can breathe while swallowing because of tracheal opening
snakes don’t have ears.. instead they fell the…
vibration in the ground
snakes use chemical senses to hunt prey. What are the pit organs
nerve ending sensitive to heat
- ex pythons + rattle can sense vulneable body parts based on heat, IF sensing
Jacobson’s organ - pits on roof mouth w olfacory epithelium + tongue picks up scent
what snake has the deadliest, most toxic venom, where only 0.025 mg can kill up to 1000 men…
Inland Taipan
bites are rare
which deadly snakes has the largest number of deaths than all other snakes combines
Saw scaled viper
which snakes use constriction to cause asphyxiation in their prey (they can’t inhale)
Boa constricotr, anacondas, pythons
just like all the amniotes, snakes have what kind of fertilization
internal fertilziation
some snakes exhibit parental care… what snakes do this
king cobra makes nests
pythons coil around eggs
are snakes ovoviviparous, viviparoud or oviparous?
some ovoviviparoud - vipers
some fully viviparous
boa constrictors, anacondas
is a tuatara a lizard
no, but a close relative
its part of order sphenodonta of the lepidosauria
who is considered a living fossil becuase its the only family member that survived out of rhynococephalid reptiles after the mesozoic extinction event
tuataras
what shows the tuataras slow evolution rate
its diapsid skull is exactly the same as it was 200 mya
list some features of the tuataras
no external ears (lizard like, but still not a lizard) males bigger than females slow growing diapsid skull periatal eye / pineal eyee from new Zealand
where are tuataras found? (habitat)
forest + pasture near seabird colonies
coastal broad leaf forest
share burrows
what are the orders (and suborders) in the superorder lepidosauria
super order lepidosauria
order squamata
sub order sauria (lizards)
order sphenodonta (tuatara)
can you draw out the branches of the reptilian line
class reptilia subclass diapsida order testudines superorder lepidosauira (order squmata (suborder sauria) and order sphenodonta) superorder archosauria (order crocodilian and dinos!)
