Molecules

Question 1

Is water organic or inorganic?

Answer 1

inorganic

Question 2

Bonds between water molecules

Answer 2

hydrogen bonds

Question 3

Chemical properties of water

Answer 3

cohesion & adhesion, thermal properties, solven

Question 4

cohesive

Answer 4

water molecules stick to each other due to hydrogen bonding. Example - columns of water up to the tops of the tallest trees. These columns of water rarely break

Question 5

adhesive

Answer 5

water is a dipolar molecule and so the dipolarity of the water molecules makes them adhere to surfaces that are polar. Example: water droplets sticking to a window after a rainfal

Question 6

Thermal Properties

Answer 6

due to hydrogen bonding water has high melting and bioling point. Example - these thermal properties cause the water to be a liquid making it suitable for living organisms.

Question 7

Solvent

Answer 7

water molecules form shells around charged and polar molecules, preventing them from clumbing together and keeping them in position. Example - salts and sugars can melt in water, therefore we can absorb nutritiens that are dissolved through water.

Question 8

Metabolism

Answer 8

the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. F.e. digestion, making proteins in the body, making starch in plants.

Question 9

Anabolism

Answer 9

imple molecules combine to generate complex molecules. f.e. condensation - small molecules are assembled onto large ones - water is produced. Chemical reaction when water is released.

Question 9

metabolism two parts

Answer 9

catabolism and anabolism

Question 9

Catabolism

Answer 9

a process of breaking down complex molecules into smaller ones. F.e. hydrolisis - large molecules are broken down into a smaller ones, water is used to break them

Question 9

What are carbohydrates made of?

Answer 9

C, H, O

Question 10

Subtypes of Carbohydrates

Answer 10

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 10

Monosaccharides main function and example

Answer 10

make energy. Glucose and fructose

Question 11

Disaccharide main function and example

Answer 11

energy transport form. Sucrose, lactose and maltose

Question 12

Polysaccharide main function and example

Answer 12

Energy storage. Cellulose, starch and glycogen.

Question 13

Cellulose. Source, subunit, branches, function

Answer 13

Plants, beta, no, help plants to remain stiff and upright.

Question 14

Starch. Source, subunit, branches, function

Answer 14

Plant, alpha, yes, helps animals store energy, source of sugar for animals

Question 15

Glycogen, Source, subunit, branches, function

Answer 15

Animal, alpha glucose, yes, an energy reserve for your body, backup supplies.

Question 16

How is sucrose formed?

Answer 16

Plants obtain chemical energy from sunlight. The collected energy is used in a second reaction to produce the sugar glucose. Glucose is combined with fructose to create sucrose.

Question 17

How is maltose formed?

Answer 17

devised from two molecules of glucose. With the removal of a water molecule, two glucoses form a bond - maltose is formed.

Question 18

Are lipids soluble in water?

Answer 18

No, they are hydrophobic

Question 19

types of lipids

Answer 19

triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, waxes

Question 20

Tryglicerides are

Answer 20

fats and oils. They transport and store energy, energy source.

Question 21

Phospholipids

Answer 21

a barrier to protect the cell against various environmental insults.

Question 22

Steroids

Answer 22

send messages in cells, increases growth

Question 23

Waxes

Answer 23

energy storage

Question 24

What are triglycerides?

Answer 24

Fat in adipose tissue in humans and the oil in sunflower seeds.

Question 25

When are fats liquid? What about oils?

Answer 25

Fats are liquid at body temperature, whereas oils are liquid both at body temperature and room temperature.

Question 26

adipose tissue function

Answer 26

protects, insulates, stores energy

Question 27

What are triglycerides made of

Answer 27

3 fatty acids with 1 glycerol

Question 28

fatty acids

Answer 28

a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated

Question 29

saturated fatty acid

Answer 29

every carbon is linked by single bonds, solid at room temp.

Question 30

unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 30

has double carbon bonds, stays liquid at room temperature

Question 31

Unsaturated fatty acid types

Answer 31

cis-fatty acids or trans-fatty acids

Question 32

Difference between carbohydrates and lipids

Answer 32

Carbohydrates have a lot of oxygen molecules, lipids have very little oxygen molecules

Question 33

What are proteins made of?

Answer 33

amino acids

Question 34

what does protein do?

Answer 34

build structures in the cell, digest food, carry oxygen

Question 35

essential amino acids are

Answer 35

organic compounds that your body needs to function. They can’t be made by our body, but you can get them with the right diet.

Question 36

where are proteins made in cells?

Answer 36

organelles called ribosomes

Question 37

How many different amino acids are there?

Answer 37

20

Question 38

What types of protein structures are shared by many proteins?

Answer 38

Secondary, tertiary

Question 39

Denaturation

Answer 39

breaking up of a protein, modifying its strandard three-dimentional structure in such way it will no longer be able to carry out it cellular function.