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Biology SL DP1 > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Herbivory

A

those who eat plants

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2
Q

Predation

A

those who eat their prey

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3
Q

Parasitism

A

parasites that benefit from their host

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4
Q

Pathogenicity

A

microorganism, such as virus, capable of causing disease to its host

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5
Q

Mutualism

A

when both parties benefit from each other

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6
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

interactions, relationships that occur between the same species. Cooperation, competition

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7
Q

Interspecific competition

A

relationship, interaction between different species within an ecosystem

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8
Q

Carrying capacity

A

the maximum number of individuals of a species that an area can support

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9
Q

top-down control

A

the ecological control of a population by predation or other factors that act from higher trophic levels. F.e. marine fish populations is controlled by predation from top predators

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10
Q

bottom-up control

A

regulation of a population by factors originating from lower trophic level, such as availability of resources.

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11
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass. F.e. nutritiens, gases. Essential for the functioning of living organisms

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12
Q

Energy

A

ability to perform work or cause change. It is required for biological processes such as growth, reproduction

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13
Q

Open system + example

A

Allows both energy and matter to be exchanged with its surroundings. Tropical rainforests, grasslands

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14
Q

Closed system + example

A

allows for the exchange of energy with the surrounding environments but restricts the flow of matter. Energy can enter and exit, matter stays. Hairdryes, earth

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15
Q

Isolated systems

A

Neither energy nor matter are exchanged with the surroundings.

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16
Q

Food webs

A

models that consist of many interconnected food chains

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17
Q

I. heterotroph and autotroph

A

heterotroph - organism that eats other plats or animals for energy and nutritients.
autotroph - organism that can produce its own food using light, water, co2 or other chemicals

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18
Q

II. Producer

A

organism that make their own food

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19
Q

II. Consumer

A

organism that ingests other organic matter that is living or recently killed

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20
Q

II. Detritivore

A

a heterotroph, organism that consume dead or decaying organic matter, to obtain energy and nutrition. F.e. earthworms, seaz cucumbers

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21
Q

II. Saprotroph

A

heterotrophs that obtain organic nutritients from dead ogrniams by external ingestion. F.e. fungi, mushrooms, bacteria

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22
Q

III. photosynthetic

A

does photosynthesisI

23
Q

III. primary consumer

A

eats plants and provides energy for other consumers

24
Q

III. secondary consumer

A

eats primary consumer

25
Q

III. tertiary consumer

A

eats secondary consumer

26
Q

III. decomposer

A

break down dead organic matter into simpler substances. Bacteria, fungi

27
Q

why is there energy loss and how much percent

A

90% lost to metabolic heat, are not digestible

28
Q

primary production

A

rate at which producers accumulate carbon compounds in their biomass

29
Q

carbon cycle

A

the process that moves carbon between plants animals microbes in the earth and the atmosphere

30
Q

what molecules are involved in carbon cycle

A

carbon dioxide, methane and glucose

31
Q

what happens when co2 reacts with water

A

it produces carbonic acis which produces hydrogen ions.

32
Q

carbon sink

A

a reservoir which absorbs more carbon than it releases. plants, soil

33
Q

Stability of an ecosystem

A

the ability to maintain its structure and function over time, despite challenges and disturbances

34
Q

Stable ecosystems examples

A

tropical rainforests, coral reefs, boreal forests, sonoran desert

35
Q

Factors affecting stability of an ecosystem

A

Supply of energy - without a steady sypple, ecosystems would collapse
Recycling of nutrients - helps to maintain the diversity of an ecosystem
Biodiversity - ensures that there are enough to fulfill various ecological roles, which creates a resilient ecosystem

36
Q

tipping point

A

the threshold of a change that results in a significant ad often irreversable change in an ecosystems structure, function or composition

37
Q

Transpiration

A

trees absorb water from the ground with their roots and release water from theirs leaves as water vapour

38
Q

Percentage change=

A

(final amount-initial amount):(initial amount)*100%

39
Q

Mesocosm

A

enclosed environments that allows a small part of a natural environment to be observed under controlled conditions (small world in a jar)

40
Q

Keystone species + examples

A

they have alarge impact on their ecosystem, the absence affect stability of ecosystem. Yellowstone wolves, elephants, parrotfish, starfish, beaver

41
Q

Sustainability

A

refers to the practice of cultivating and producing agricultural products in a manner that preserves and enchances the long-term environmental, social and ecoomic well-being of farming systems

42
Q

soil erosion

A

the denudation or wearing away of the upper layer of soil (Gediminas castle)

43
Q

Eutrophication

A

a process by which water bodies become enriched with excessive nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, leading to an overgrowth of algae and other aquatic plants.

44
Q

Carbon footprint

A

the amount of carbon dioxide release dinto the atmosphere because of the activities of an individual

45
Q

Leaching

A

the loss of water-soluble nutrities from the soil

46
Q

what leads to eutrophication

A

use of agricultural fertilizers, industrial waste products, sewage, waste water from industry

47
Q

Consequences of eutrophication

A

kills fish, excessive aquatic plant growth, the algan blooms can completely black out sunlight, imbalance in aquatic ecosystems

48
Q

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

A

how much oxygen is in the water

49
Q

Biochemical oxygen demand when eutrophication

A

goes lower

50
Q

Biomagnification

A

happens whem toxic chemicals whose remains in the environment are consumed indirectly by organisms through food. WHen organisms in higher food chain consumes the lower organism containing such chemical

51
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

the gradual buildup of chemical substances in the tissues of organisms over time. When the pollutant stays in ur body and how you get more and more

52
Q

Microplastics

A

plastics smaller than 5mm

53
Q

Macroplastics

A

bigger than 5mm

54
Q

Impact of microplastics

A

cause harm to wildlife as they mistake it for food

Biology SL DP1 (6 decks)

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