Molecules

Question 1

Importance of water

Answer 1

• specific heat: high = due to hydrogen = allows water to resist shifts in temp. “versatile” solvent
• strong cohesive: stay bonded
• allows to float/ lattice crystal/ most liquids dont float

Question 2

most important molecules

Answer 2

• carbohydrates
• lipids
• proteins
• nucleic acids

Question 3

molecule

Answer 3

• bonded group of atoms
• can be alike or unlike
• h2O

Question 4

compound

Answer 4

• unlike atoms together

- h2O , CO2

Question 5

polar

Answer 5

• positive charges on one side and negative charges on the other
• electronegativity: >1.0
• H2O

Question 6

nonpolar

Answer 6

• electrons are equal
• electronegativity: <0.4
• CO2

Question 7

organic compounds

Answer 7

• ingredients that make up living organisms

- always contain carbon!

Question 8

types of carbs

Answer 8

• monosaccharide
• disaccharide
• polysaccharide

Question 9

types of monosaccharides

Answer 9

• glucose
• fructose
• ribose

Question 10

types of disaccharide

Answer 10

• sucrose
• maltose
• lactose

Question 11

types of polysaccharides

Answer 11

• cellulose
• starch
• glycogen

Question 12

carbohydrates

Answer 12

• carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

- long chains, polymer, or sugar

Question 13

function of carbs

Answer 13

• function
• structure
• energy
• backbone of DNA and RNA

Question 14

lipids

Answer 14

• fats
• fatty acids
• carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
• insoluble in water

Question 15

types of lipids

Answer 15

• fatty acids
• phospholipids
• steroids
• waxes

Question 16

steroids

Answer 16

• precursor to hormones and drugs

- 0 fatty acids

Question 17

types of steroids

Answer 17

• cholesterol
• estrogen
• cortisone

Question 18

phospholipids

Answer 18

• hydrocarbon tail / phosphate group
• nonpolar / nonsoluable
• 2 fatty acids

Question 19

function of phospholipids

Answer 19

• cellular membrane
• barrier
• protect cell

Question 20

types of phospholipids

Answer 20

• cephalin
• lecithin
• sphingomyelin

Question 21

fatty acids

Answer 21

• saturated

- unsaturated

Question 22

saturated fats

Answer 22

• no double bonds in hydrocarbon
• butter / cheese
• solid
• associated with problems w diet / cardiovascular problem

Question 23

unsaturated fats

Answer 23

• 1 double bond
• liquid @ room temp.
• oil

Question 24

proteins

Answer 24

• carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

- largest biologic molecule

Question 25

what do proteins form

Answer 25

• amino acids
• peptide + polypeptide bonds
• these fold = linear or globular

Question 26

linear proteins

Answer 26

• collagen
• keratin
• fibrin

Question 27

globular proteins

Answer 27

• enzymes
• blood proteins
• hormones

Question 28

nucleic acids

Answer 28

• building blocks of genetic material
• carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous
• RNA and DNA

Question 29

RNA

Answer 29

• ribose

- transfer info. from DNA to protein (messenger)

Question 30

DNA

Answer 30

• deoxyribose

- contains code for replication

Question 31

metabolism **

Answer 31

• sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism
• metabolic pathways = takes series of steps for reaction
• high -> low energy
• catalyzed by use of enzymes