Molecules Flashcards
1
Q
Importance of water
A
- specific heat: high = due to hydrogen = allows water to resist shifts in temp. “versatile” solvent
- strong cohesive: stay bonded
- allows to float/ lattice crystal/ most liquids dont float
2
Q
most important molecules
A
- carbohydrates
- lipids
- proteins
- nucleic acids
3
Q
molecule
A
- bonded group of atoms
- can be alike or unlike
- h2O
4
Q
compound
A
- unlike atoms together
- h2O , CO2
5
Q
polar
A
- positive charges on one side and negative charges on the other
- electronegativity: >1.0
- H2O
6
Q
nonpolar
A
- electrons are equal
- electronegativity: <0.4
- CO2
7
Q
organic compounds
A
- ingredients that make up living organisms
- always contain carbon!
8
Q
types of carbs
A
- monosaccharide
- disaccharide
- polysaccharide
9
Q
types of monosaccharides
A
- glucose
- fructose
- ribose
10
Q
types of disaccharide
A
- sucrose
- maltose
- lactose
11
Q
types of polysaccharides
A
- cellulose
- starch
- glycogen
12
Q
carbohydrates
A
- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
- long chains, polymer, or sugar
13
Q
function of carbs
A
- function
- structure
- energy
- backbone of DNA and RNA
14
Q
lipids
A
- fats
- fatty acids
- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
- insoluble in water
15
Q
types of lipids
A
- fatty acids
- phospholipids
- steroids
- waxes
16
Q
steroids
A
- precursor to hormones and drugs
- 0 fatty acids
17
Q
types of steroids
A
- cholesterol
- estrogen
- cortisone
18
Q
phospholipids
A
- hydrocarbon tail / phosphate group
- nonpolar / nonsoluable
- 2 fatty acids
19
Q
function of phospholipids
A
- cellular membrane
- barrier
- protect cell
20
Q
types of phospholipids
A
- cephalin
- lecithin
- sphingomyelin
21
Q
fatty acids
A
- saturated
- unsaturated
22
Q
saturated fats
A
- no double bonds in hydrocarbon
- butter / cheese
- solid
- associated with problems w diet / cardiovascular problem
23
Q
unsaturated fats
A
- 1 double bond
- liquid @ room temp.
- oil
24
Q
proteins
A
- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
- largest biologic molecule
25
what do proteins form
- amino acids
- peptide + polypeptide bonds
- these fold = linear or globular
26
linear proteins
- collagen
- keratin
- fibrin
27
globular proteins
- enzymes
- blood proteins
- hormones
28
nucleic acids
- building blocks of genetic material
- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous
- RNA and DNA
29
RNA
- ribose
| - transfer info. from DNA to protein (messenger)
30
DNA
- deoxyribose
| - contains code for replication
31
metabolism **
- sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism
- metabolic pathways = takes series of steps for reaction
- high -> low energy
- catalyzed by use of enzymes
