Cellular Reproduction Flashcards
1
Q
cellular respiration
A
- parent cell pass on genetic info. to daughter cell
- cell division!
2
Q
asexual reproduction
A
- produces daughter cells identical to parent
3
Q
types of asexual reproduction
A
- binary fission
- mitosis
4
Q
binary fission
A
- chromosome binds to plasma membrane
- grows larger
- divides / replicates (pinches off) into 2 daughter cells
- CYTOKINESIS
- origin from 1 cell
- produce DIPLOID
5
Q
stages of mitosis
A
- 5 stages
- prophase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
- cytokinesis
6
Q
interphase
mitosis
A
- cell grows
- duplicates
- always beginning of cell division
7
Q
prophase (mitosis)
A
- duplicated chromosomes condense
- nuclear membrane breaks down
- spindle apparatus at each pole
8
Q
metaphase (mitosis)
A
- condensed chromosome line up
- attaches to spindle
9
Q
anaphase (mitosis)
A
- chromosomes migrate to opposite sides
10
Q
telophase
A
- spindle breaks down
- nuclear membrane forms around new set of daughter cells
- into cytokinesis
11
Q
cytokinesis (mitosis)
A
- cell pinches into 2
- forms identical cells
12
Q
sexual reproduction
A
- 2 cells = genetic material = variation = cells NOT ALIKE
- cells = gametes
- produce 4 haploid (contain half chromosomes of parents)
13
Q
types of sexual reproduction
A
- meiosis I
- meiosis II
14
Q
meiosis I
A
- prophase I
- metaphase I
- anaphase I
- telophase I
15
Q
prophase I
A
- duplicated chromosomes condense
- pair up / align
- forms TETRADS of 4 chromatids each
- homologous chromosomes trade / recombine / crossing over!
- nuclear membrane breaks down
16
Q
metaphase I
A
- tetrads align
- has centromere of homologous chromosomes facing opposite ends of cell (K)
17
Q
anaphase I
A
- chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of cell
- sister chromatids remain
18
Q
telophase I
A
- each end of cell = haploid
- NOT IDENTICAL
- nuclear membrane forms
19
Q
meiosis II
A
- similar to mitosis
- no crossing over like meiosis I
20
Q
prophase II
A
- chromosomes condense
- nuclear membrane breaks down
- spindle apparatus forms each pole of haploid cell
21
Q
metaphase II
A
- condensed chromosome line up
- attach to haploid cell
22
Q
anaphase II
A
- chromosomes separate into sister chromatids = migrate to ends
23
Q
telophase II
A
- spindle breaks down
- nuclear membrane forms
- new daughter cells
24
Q
what is the end result of meiosis I and meiosis II?
A
- 4 daughter cells containing 1 chromatid
25
polar bodies
- cells that do not develop into ova
26
parthenogenesis
- some animals and vertebrates reproduce this way
| - animal clones itself using polar body and bypasses fertilization
