Molecular Technologies

Question 1

DNA Fingerprinting

Answer 1

Lab method for graphically characterizing an individual’s DNA

Can be taken from blood or other tissue with DNA, DNA is then extracted

Question 2

Process of Fingerprinting

Answer 2

1) DNA is copied and placed on gel
2) PCR is performed
3) Sorted by electrophoresis (apply electric current to sort macromolecules by size)
Results in banding pattern that resembles bar code

Question 3

DNA is Polymorphic

Definition of Poymorphic

Answer 3

At least 2 alternative alleles occurring in population

Question 4

DNA Fingerprinting Uses

Answer 4

-Multiple sire pasture system (still able to identify paternity)
-Identify parents more accurately (avoids faulty pedigree)
-Predict Hybrid Vigor

Question 5

Current Genetic Evaluation

Answer 5

Genetic merit is evaluated by EPDs, which are computed from phenotypes of the individual and its relatives

Question 6

Marker Assisted Select (MAS) Definition

Answer 6

Selection for specific alleles using genetic markers

Question 7

Genetic Marker

Answer 7

Detectable genes or DNA fragments used to identify alleles at linked locus

Question 8

Linkage Analysis

Answer 8

Mathematical process that uses information form specially bred populations to determine whether 2 loci are linked and how closely

Question 9

MAS

Answer 9

Best “markers” are alleles of interest themselves
This is more difficult with polygenetic traits (More traits involved)

Question 10

Gene Transfer

Answer 10

Involved transfer of gene coding for important proteins from domestic animals to bacteria

Slow process (only one copy of gene is transferred at one time, takes generations to spread thru population)

Question 11

Transgenic Definition

Answer 11

An individual that has received genetical material by gene transfer

Question 12

Transgenic Dairy Cow (EX)

Answer 12

Can produce human insulin which is expressed in their milk and can be extracted from the milk