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Genetics > Molecular Inheritance > Flashcards

Molecular Inheritance Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who discovered nucleic acid?

A

Miescher

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2
Q

What did miescher and other scientists discovered nucleic acid was composed of?

A

A 5 carbon sugar
Nitrogenous base
Phosphate

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3
Q

What do chromosomes contain?

A

DNA and protein

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4
Q

What is a bacteriophage?

A

A type of virus composed of DNA and protein which infects bacterial cells

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5
Q

What is the pentose sugar in DNA?

A

Deoxyribose

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6
Q

Which bases are the purines?

A

Adenine and Guanine

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7
Q

What bases are the pyrimidines?

A

Cytosine and Thymine

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8
Q

What bond join the phosphate backbone?

A

Phosphodiester bond

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9
Q

Who discovered that bases would only fit if purine was paired with pyrimidine?

A

Watson and Crick

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10
Q

How many hydrogen bonds are between C-G?

A

3

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11
Q

How many hydrogen bonds are between A-T?

A

2

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12
Q

Who proposed the idea of semi conservative replication?

A

Watson and Crick

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13
Q

Who proved semi conservative replication?

A

Meselson and Stahl

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14
Q

What does DNA polymerase require?

A

Single-stranded template DNA
All four nucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs)
Free 3’ hydroxyl (primer)

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15
Q

In what direction is DNA synthesised with DNA polymerase?

A

5’ to 3’

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16
Q

Describe Mieschers experiment

A

Pus from used bandages
Collected white blood cells
Purified nuclei
He found an N rich fraction (protein) and a P rich fraction (nucleic acid)

They thought the protein was the nucleic acid

17
Q

What did Chargaff discover

A

A and T, C and G pairings

18
Q

What did Avery conclude?

A

Transforming principle is DNA

19
Q

What was Griffins experiment?

A

Used a benign and virulent strand
Virulent (s) is killed
Genetic material was capable of reprogramming R form into S form

20
Q

What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?

A

5 carbon sugar
Nitrogenous base
Phosphat

21
Q

How wide is DNA?

A

2nm

22
Q

What is the length of each turn?

A

3-4nm

23
Q

What is the distances between repeating units/ nucleotides?

A

0.34nm

24
Q

How many nucleotide pairs are there per turn?

A

10

25
Q

Define semi conservative replication

A

Each stand acts as a template for synthesis of a new complementary strand of DNA

26
Q

What is the role of helicase?

A

Unwinds helix to open DNA

27
Q

What is the role of primase?

A

Synthesises RNA primers

28
Q

What is the role of DNA polymerase III?

A

Extends DNA strand from 3’ end, copying the template

29
Q

What is the role of DNA polymerase I?

A

removes RNA primer and fills gaps between okazaki fragments

30
Q

What is the role of DNA ligase?

A

Seals gaps between okazaki fragments

31
Q

What is the role of single stranded binding proteins?

A

Holds helix open

32
Q

How does the lagging and the leading strand differ?

A

The lagging strand synthesises discontinuously and the leading strand synthesises continuously

33
Q

What enzyme proofreads to remove incorrect nucleotides?

A

DNA polymerase

Genetics (12 decks)

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