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Genetics > Mechanism Of Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Mechanism Of Protein Synthesis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe the structure of tRNA

A

80 nucleotides long
Single stranded but base pairs form within the chain
Clover leaf
Anticodon at one end

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2
Q

What is each tRNA specific for?

A

An amino acid

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3
Q

What determines the tRNA amino acid carried?

A

Its anticodon

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4
Q

What are tRNAs?

A

Adaptors

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5
Q

How is an amino acid attached to tRNA

A

ATP hydrolysed and amino acid joined to AMP

Correct tRNA bonds and amino acid transferee from AMP to tRNA

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6
Q

How many AA codons are there?

A

61 +3stop

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7
Q

How many tRNAs are there!

A

40-45

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8
Q

What the ribosome made of?

A

RNA and protein

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9
Q

What’s the role of ribosome in protein synthesis?

A

Bind mRBA and amino actyl-tRNA

Catalysed stepwise formation of peptide bonds

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10
Q

What are the 3 stages of protein synthesis?

A

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

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11
Q

What is peptide bond formation catalysed by?

A

Peptidyl transferase

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12
Q

What is the role of mRNA?

A

Take genetic info from DNA to a ribosome

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13
Q

What is the role of rRNA?

A

building block for ribosomes

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14
Q

What are the stop codon?

A

UGA UAA UAG

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15
Q

What is the start codon?

A

AUG (methionine)

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16
Q

What happens in the initiation process?

A

Small subunits binds mRNA and initiator amino actyl.tRNA then large subunits binds

17
Q

What happens in the elongation process?

A

Peptide bonds are formed as the ribosome moves along the mRNA

18
Q

What happens in the termination process?

A

A stop codon enters A site and protein is released

19
Q

How does prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in protein synthesis?

A

E:
Nuclear membrane
MRNA transported to the cytoplasm
Protein trafficked to correct site

P:
No nuclear membrane
Proteins diffuse through cytoplasm
Coupled transcription and translation

Genetics (12 decks)

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