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Genetics > Mendelian Inheritance > Flashcards

Mendelian Inheritance Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Medels work with peas led to?

A

discovery of dominant and recessive traits
Concept of the gene
Formulation of basic law of inheritance

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2
Q

What did Mendel call a gene?

A

Heritable facors

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3
Q

What is a character?

A

Heritable factor of an individual

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4
Q

What is a trait?

A

Variant form of a character

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5
Q

What is Mendels first law of segregation?

A

The two forms of a gene (alleles) present in each parent segregate independently

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6
Q

How did Mendel form the first law of segregation?

A

Result of monohybrid crosses

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7
Q

In Mendels observation, what did F1 progeny resemble in monohybrid crosses?

A

One of the parents

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8
Q

In Mendels observation, what did F2 generation resemble in monohybrid crosses?

A

Both of the original parental traits

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9
Q

In Mendels observation, what was the ratio in F2 in monohybris crosses?

A

3:1

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10
Q

What were Mendels conclusions?

A

One trait is dominant (e.g. green pod) and the other is recessive (e.g. yellow pod).
The ‘heritable factor’ for the recessive trait had not been lost in the F1 – just masked by the presence of the factor for the dominant trait.

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11
Q

What was Mendels definition of an allele?

A

Variations in inherited characteristics are due to the existence of alternative versions of heritable factors (‘genes’)

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12
Q

Why is a testcross used?

A

Distinguish genotype of an individual (Homozygous dominant or heterozygous)

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13
Q

What is Mendels Law of Independent assortment?

A

Each pair of alleles (gene) assorts independently of each other pair of alleles (gene) during gamete formation.

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14
Q

How ddi Mendel form the law of independent assortment?

A

Following the inheritance of two characteristics at the same time?

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15
Q

What were mendels observations of F2 in dihybrid crosses?

A

Two new phenotypes in addition to he two parental phenotypes

The new phenotypes are called recombinants

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16
Q

What is the ration of F2 generation in dihybrid crosses?

A

9:3:3:1

17
Q

Where does mitosis occur?

A

In somatic cells

18
Q

Where does meiosis occur?

A

In the germ line

19
Q

What does meiosis produce?

A

4 non identical haploid cells

20
Q

What does mitosis produce?

A

2 identical diploid cells

21
Q

What is synapsis unique to?

A

Meiosis

22
Q

What is the role of mitosis?

A

Growth and repair tissue

23
Q

What is the role of meiosis?

A

Produce haploid gametes

24
Q

What is a homologous pair?

A

Are individual chromosomes that were inherited from different parents which have different versions of genes at the same spot at corresponding loci.

25
Q

What is a chromatid?

A

One of the two identical strands of a newly replicated chromosome

26
Q

What are sister chromatids?

A

Two identical chromatids held together by a common centromere following replication

27
Q

What did sutton observe?

A

Chromosomes occur in pairs in somatic cells
Chromosome pairs segregate equally into gametes
Different chromosome pairs assort independently

28
Q

What does the chromosome theory of inheritance state?

A

Mendel’s ‘heritable factors’ (or genes) are located at specific positions (loci) on chromosomes
It is the chromosomes that undergo segregation and independent assortment

29
Q

How does chromosome behaviour in meiosis explain Mendel’s Law of Segregation?

A

This occurs because each allele is on a different member of a homologous pair of chromosomes and moves to opposite poles in anaphase I

30
Q

How does chromosome behaviour in meiosis explain Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment?

A

This is explained by the random way that the homologous pairs of chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate during meiosis I

31
Q

What does independent assortment mean?

A

Each of the 4 possible combinations of alleles at the two loci has an equal probability of occurrence in the gametes

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